Gṛhastha-praveśa: Vivāha-bheda, Ācāra-śauca, Śrāddha-kāla, and Vaiṣṇava-lakṣaṇa
उपसनं च होतव्यं सायं प्रातर्द्विजातिभिः । उपासनपरित्यागी सुरापीत्युच्यते बुधैः ॥ ३९ ॥
upasanaṃ ca hotavyaṃ sāyaṃ prātardvijātibhiḥ | upāsanaparityāgī surāpītyucyate budhaiḥ || 39 ||
Die Dvija, die Zweifachgeborenen, sollen gewiss morgens und abends die Sandhyā-Upāsanā verrichten. Wer diese tägliche Verehrung aufgibt, wird von den Weisen einem Trinker von Branntwein gleichgesetzt.
Narada (teaching in the Narada Purana dialogue tradition)
Vrata: none
Primary Rasa: shanta
Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka
It stresses that sandhyā-upāsanā (daily morning and evening worship) is a non-optional nitya-karma for dvijas; neglecting it is treated as a grave lapse that erodes spiritual purity and dharmic standing.
By insisting on regular upāsanā, it frames bhakti as disciplined daily remembrance and worship—devotion expressed through consistent practice rather than occasional sentiment.
Ritual timing and daily observance are emphasized—knowledge aligned with Kalpa (procedure of rites) and traditional sandhyā practice (proper morning/evening performance).