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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 5

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

टाभ्यांभिसस्तृतीया स्यात्करणे कर्तरीरिता । येन क्रियते तत्करणं सः कर्ता स्यात्करोति यः ॥ ५ ॥

Transliteration

ṭābhyāṃbhisastṛtīyā syātkaraṇe kartarīritā | yena kriyate tatkaraṇaṃ saḥ kartā syātkaroti yaḥ || 5 ||

Translation

Der dritte Kasus wird mit den Endungen ṭā, bhyām und bhis gelehrt—er dient dem instrumentalen Sinn und in manchen Konstruktionen auch der Bezeichnung des Handelnden. Wodurch eine Handlung vollbracht wird, heißt karaṇa (Werkzeug); wer handelt, heißt kartā (Täter).

Word by Word
टा‘-ā’ (instrumental singular ending)
टा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootटा (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
Formविभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय: तृतीया-एकवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-ṭā’
भ्याम्‘-bhyām’ (instrumental dual ending)
भ्याम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभ्याम् (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
Formविभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय: तृतीया-द्विवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-bhyām’
भिस्‘-bhis’ (instrumental plural ending)
भिस्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभिस् (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
Formविभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय: तृतीया-बहुवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-bhis’
तृतीयाthe instrumental (third case)
तृतीया:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतृतीया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विभक्ति-नाम (3rd case)
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
करणेin the instrument (karaṇa)
करणे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकरण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; अधिकरण ‘in the instrument-function’
कर्तरिin the agent
कर्तरि:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; अधिकरण ‘in the agent’
ईरिताis stated/declared
ईरिता:
Kriya (क्रिया/statement)
TypeAdjective
Rootईर् (धातु) → ईरित (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; agrees with ‘तृतीया’ (‘is stated’)
येनby which
येन:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; करण-निर्देश ‘by which’
क्रियतेis done
क्रियते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive)
तत्-करणम्that is the instrument
तत्-करणम्:
Karta (कर्ता/predicate)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + करण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (‘that (is) the instrument’)
सःhe/that
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; निर्देश (demonstrative)
कर्ताagent/doer
कर्ता:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तृ-निर्देश
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
करोतिdoes
करोति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
यःwho
यः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative)
Speaker

Narada (teaching Vyakarana principles within the Moksha Dharma context)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

FAQs

It grounds spiritual study in precision: correct understanding of grammatical roles (doer vs. instrument) supports accurate interpretation of dharma and moksha teachings, where meaning depends on how actions and agents are expressed.

Indirectly, it safeguards bhakti practice by clarifying language used in stotras, mantras, and vows—knowing who is the doer (the devotee) and what is the means (japa, worship, offerings) prevents misreading devotional instructions.

Vyākaraṇa (grammar): it defines the tṛtīyā vibhakti endings and explains the kāraka concepts of karaṇa (instrument/means) and kartṛ (agent/doer), key for parsing Vedic and Purāṇic sentences.

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