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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 83

Janaka’s Quest for Liberation; Pañcaśikha’s Sāṅkhya on Renunciation, Elements, Guṇas, and the Deathless State

विहाय गच्छन्ननवेक्षघमाणस्तथा विमुक्तो विजहाति दुःखम् । मत्स्यं यथा वाप्युदके पतंतमुत्सृज्य पक्षी निपतत्सशक्तः ॥ ८३ ॥

vihāya gacchannanavekṣaghamāṇastathā vimukto vijahāti duḥkham | matsyaṃ yathā vāpyudake pataṃtamutsṛjya pakṣī nipatatsaśaktaḥ || 83 ||

So geht der Befreite fort, ohne zurückzublicken, und wirft so das Leid ab; wie ein Vogel, der den Fisch ins Teichwasser fallen lässt und dann erneut mit voller Kraft hinabstößt, nun ohne Last.

विहायhaving left behind
विहाय:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/Preceding action)
TypeVerb
Rootवि-हा (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव
गच्छन्going
गच्छन्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootगम् (धातु) > गच्छन्त् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (present participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
अनवेक्ष-घमाणःmoving on without looking back
अनवेक्ष-घमाणः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनवेक्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + घमाण (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: ‘अनवेक्षः (not looking back) घमाणः (moving/striving)’; ‘घमाण’ = वर्तमान-कृदन्त (present participle) from √घम्/√घम (to strive/move)
तथाthus
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकार-अव्यय
विमुक्तःliberated
विमुक्तः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-मुच् (धातु) > विमुक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृत् (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
विजहातिabandons completely
विजहाति:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवि-हा (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
दुःखम्sorrow
दुःखम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
मत्स्यम्a fish
मत्स्यम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
यथाas
यथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Comparison)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formउपमान-अव्यय
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Alternative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्प-अव्यय
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अप्यर्थ-अव्यय
उदकेin water
उदके:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootउदक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
पतन्तम्falling
पतन्तम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootपत् (धातु) > पतन्त् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (present participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण to ‘मत्स्यम्’
उत्सृज्यhaving let go; having released
उत्सृज्य:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/Preceding action)
TypeVerb
Rootउत्-सृज् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव
पक्षीa bird
पक्षी:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootपक्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
निपतत्descending; swooping down
निपतत्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-पत् (धातु) > निपतन्त् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (present participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
स-शक्तःable; powerful
स-शक्तः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootस (उपसर्ग/सह) + शक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: ‘शक्तः सह’ = endowed with power/able

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada in the Moksha-Dharma dialogue)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

FAQs

It teaches that liberation is marked by decisive non-attachment: the liberated person moves forward without regret or backward-glance, and sorrow falls away when the burden of clinging is dropped.

By implication, bhakti ripens into surrender (tyāga) where the devotee releases possessiveness and anxiety; like the bird dropping its load, the heart becomes light and capable of returning to its true aim—steady absorption in the Lord.

No specific Vedanga (such as Vyākaraṇa, Jyotiṣa, or Kalpa) is directly taught; the verse is primarily a Moksha-Dharma instruction using a vivid metaphor to train the mind in vairāgya (detachment).