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Shloka 10

Virāṭa-parva Adhyāya 33 — Kuru Cattle-Raid and Matsya Mobilization (भूमिंजय-प्रेरणा)

तस्मिन्‌ गृहीते विरथे विराटे बलवत्तरे । प्राद्रवन्त भयान्मत्स्यास्त्रिगर्तैरदिता भूशम्‌,अतिशय बलवान राजा विराट जब रथहीन होकर पकड़ लिये गये, तब त्रिगर्तोद्वारा अत्यन्त पीड़ित हुए मत्स्यदेशीय सैनिक भयभीत होकर भागने लगे

tasmin gṛhīte virathe virāṭe balavattare | prādravanta bhayān matsyās trigartair aditā bhūśam ||

Vaiśampāyana sprach: Als der mächtige König Virāṭa, nachdem man ihn wagenlos gemacht hatte, gefangen wurde, gerieten die Matsya-Krieger — von den Trigartas schwer bedrängt — in Angst und begannen zu fliehen. Die Szene zeigt, wie rasch die Kampfmoral zerbricht, wenn der Anführer überwältigt wird und Unordnung an die Stelle der Disziplin tritt.

तस्मिन्in that (situation/time)
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
गृहीतेwhen (he was) seized/captured
गृहीते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Locative, Singular
विरथेbeing without a chariot
विरथे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-रथ (विरथ)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विराटेin/when (king) Virāṭa
विराटे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविराट
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
बलवत्तरेby/under the stronger (one)
बलवत्तरे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootबलवत्
FormComparative (तर), Masculine, Locative, Singular
प्राद्रवन्तran away / fled
प्राद्रवन्त:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootद्रु (द्रव्) + प्र
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
भयात्from fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
मत्स्याःthe Matsyas (soldiers/people of Matsya)
मत्स्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रिगर्तैःby the Trigartas
त्रिगर्तैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिगर्त
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अदिताःafflicted/tormented
अदिताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअद्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
भूशम्greatly, exceedingly
भूशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूशम्

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
V
Virāṭa
M
Matsya (kingdom/warriors)
T
Trigarta (warriors)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical and practical importance of steadfast leadership in war: when the leader is overpowered and order breaks, fear spreads rapidly and collective resolve collapses. It implicitly urges kṣatriya steadiness and disciplined courage rather than panic-driven flight.

In the battle against the Trigartas, King Virāṭa is caught after becoming chariotless. Seeing him seized and being heavily pressed by the enemy, the Matsya troops lose heart and run away in fear.