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Shloka 37

द्रोणस्य सुपर्णव्यूहः — युधिष्ठिरप्रत्यव्यूहः

Droṇa’s Suparṇa Formation and Yudhiṣṭhira’s Counter-array

सा भूमिर्भरतश्रेष्ठ निहतैस्तैर्महारथै: । आस्तीर्णा सम्बभौ सर्वा प्रेतीभूते: समन्‍तत:,भरतश्रेष्ठ! वहाँ मारे गये महारथियोंसे आच्छादित हुई वह सारी भूमि सब ओरसे प्रेतोंद्ारा घिरी हुई-सी जान पड़ती थी

sā bhūmir bharataśreṣṭha nihatās tair mahārathaiḥ | āstīrṇā sambabhau sarvā pretībhūtaiḥ samantataḥ ||

Sañjaya sprach: O Bester der Bharatas, jener ganze Erdboden, bedeckt von den erschlagenen großen Wagenkriegern, erschien ringsum, als sei er von den Geistern der Toten umzingelt—ein Bild der moralischen Verwüstung des Schlachtfelds und des schrecklichen Preises kṣatriyischer Kriegführung.

साthat (she/that)
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भूमिःearth, ground
भूमिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भरतश्रेष्ठO best of the Bharatas
भरतश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
निहतैःby the slain
निहतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-हन् (निहत)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तैःby those
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
महारथैःby great chariot-warriors
महारथैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमहा-रथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
आस्तीर्णाstrewn, covered
आस्तीर्णा:
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-स्तॄ (आस्तीर्ण)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सम्बभौappeared, seemed
सम्बभौ:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-भू
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular
सर्वाentire, all
सर्वा:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रेतीभूतैःby ghosts and spirits
प्रेतीभूतैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेत-भूत
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
समन्ततःon all sides
समन्ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्ततः

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by the address bharataśreṣṭha)
B
bhūmi (battlefield ground)
M
mahāratha (great chariot-warriors)
P
preta (spirits of the dead)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the ethical gravity of war: even when fought under the banner of kṣatriya duty, mass slaughter transforms the earth into a haunted space, reminding the listener of the human cost, the fragility of life, and the moral shadow that violence casts.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield after intense fighting: the ground is strewn with the bodies of fallen great warriors, and the scene appears as if surrounded by pretas (spirits), emphasizing the horror and desolation of the moment.