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Shloka 36

द्रोणस्य सुपर्णव्यूहः — युधिष्ठिरप्रत्यव्यूहः

Droṇa’s Suparṇa Formation and Yudhiṣṭhira’s Counter-array

ते वध्यमाना: पार्थेन व्याकुलाश्न रथद्विपा: । तमेवाभिमुखा: क्षीणा: शक्रस्यातिथितां गता:,अर्जुनके द्वारा मारे जाते हुए रथ और हाथी व्याकुल होकर उन्हींकी ओर मुँह करके प्राणत्याग करनेके कारण इन्द्रलोकके अतिथि हो गये

te vadhyamānāḥ pārthena vyākulāś ca rathadvipāḥ | tam evābhimukhāḥ kṣīṇāḥ śakrasyātithitāṃ gatāḥ ||

Sañjaya sprach: Während sie von Pārtha (Arjuna) niedergemacht wurden, gerieten die Wagenkämpfer und die Elefantenkorps in Verwirrung und wandten ihr Antlitz nur ihm allein zu; erschöpft gaben sie, ihm gegenüberstehend, ihr Leben auf—und wurden so zu Gästen Śakras (Indras) im Himmel. Der Vers betont die düstere Ethik des Schlachtfelds: Im Kampf zu sterben, ohne sich abzuwenden, gilt als Weg zu himmlischem Geschick.

तेthey/those
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
वध्यमानाःbeing slain
वध्यमानाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवध्
Formशानच् (present passive participle), masculine, nominative, plural, passive
पार्थेनby Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
व्याकुलाःdistressed, agitated
व्याकुलाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootव्याकुल
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
रथद्विपाःchariots and elephants (i.e., their riders/forces associated with them)
रथद्विपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथद्विप
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अभिमुखाःfacing towards
अभिमुखाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभिमुख
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
क्षीणाःexhausted, spent
क्षीणाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षीण
Formक्त (past passive participle), masculine, nominative, plural
शक्रस्यof Śakra (Indra)
शक्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootशक्र
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
अतिथिताम्guest-status; the state of being a guest
अतिथिताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथिता
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
गताःwent; attained
गताः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formक्त (past active participle, used predicatively), masculine, nominative, plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)
Ś
Śakra (Indra)
R
rathāḥ (chariots/chariot-warriors)
D
dvipāḥ (elephants/elephant-corps)
I
Indraloka (heaven of Indra)

Educational Q&A

The verse reflects the epic’s martial ethic: in righteous warfare, meeting death while facing the foe—without fleeing—is idealized as a valorous end, symbolically rewarded as entry into Indra’s heaven.

Sañjaya describes Arjuna’s overwhelming assault: enemy chariot and elephant units, panicked and weakened, still turn toward Arjuna as they fall, dying in his very presence and thus being poetically said to become ‘guests of Indra’ in heaven.