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Shloka 38

द्रोणस्य सुपर्णव्यूहः — युधिष्ठिरप्रत्यव्यूहः

Droṇa’s Suparṇa Formation and Yudhiṣṭhira’s Counter-array

एतस्मिन्नन्तरे चैव प्रमत्ते सव्यसाचिनि । व्यूढानीकस्ततो द्रोणो युधिष्ठिरमुपाद्रवत्‌,जब इधर सव्यसाची अर्जुन उस युद्धमें भली प्रकार लगे हुए थे, उसी समय अपनी सेनाका व्यूह बनाकर द्रोणाचार्यने युधिष्ठिरपर आक्रमण किया

etasminn antare caiva pramatte savyasācini | vyūḍhānīkas tato droṇo yudhiṣṭhiram upādravat ||

Sañjaya sprach: In eben diesem Augenblick, als Savyasācin (Arjuna) ganz im Kampf aufging und gleichsam unachtsam war, griff Droṇa—nachdem er seine Truppen in einer Schlachtordnung (Vyūha) aufgestellt hatte—Yudhiṣṭhira an. Die Begebenheit zeigt, wie ein Feldherr im Krieg die Lücken ausnutzt, die entstehen, wenn ein entscheidender Beschützer anderswo gebunden ist, und wie daraus eine scharfe ethische Spannung erwächst zwischen strategischer Notwendigkeit und dem Angriff auf einen dharmatreuen König.

एतस्मिन्in this
एतस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
अन्तरेin the interval/time
अन्तरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
प्रमत्तेwhen (he was) heedless/absorbed
प्रमत्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रमत्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सव्यसाचिनिin Savyasācin (Arjuna)
सव्यसाचिनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun (Proper epithet)
Rootसव्यसाचिन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
व्यूढarrayed/formed
व्यूढ:
TypeAdjective (PPP)
Rootव्यूढ
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अनीकःarmy/host
अनीकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनीक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
द्रोणःDroṇa
द्रोणः:
Karta
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरम्Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपाद्रवत्attacked/rushed upon
उपाद्रवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-आ-द्रु (धातु: द्रु)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna (Savyasācin)
D
Droṇa (Droṇācārya)
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
V
vyūha (battle formation)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral pressure of warfare: tactical advantage is gained by exploiting moments when a principal defender is fully engaged, yet such opportunism—especially against a dharma-oriented leader like Yudhiṣṭhira—invites reflection on the boundary between legitimate strategy and ethically troubling targeting.

While Arjuna (Savyasācin) is intensely occupied in battle and thus not positioned to shield Yudhiṣṭhira, Droṇa arranges his troops in a formation (vyūha) and advances to attack Yudhiṣṭhira directly.