Shloka 39
Devanagari script
ततो विराट: कुपित: समरे तोमरान् दश
Transliteration
tato virāṭaḥ kupitaḥ samare tomarān daśa
Translation
Daraufhin schleuderte Virāṭa, vom Zorn ergriffen auf dem Schlachtfeld, zehn Speere (tomara)—eine Tat, die das Aufwallen der Wut im Krieg anzeigt, wo persönlicher Groll die Gewalt rasch steigern und den Konflikt eskalieren lassen kann.
Word by Word
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable)
विराटःVirāṭ (king Virata)
विराटः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविराट्
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्
कुपितःenraged
कुपितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकुपित (कुप् धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
Formपुंलिङ्गः, सप्तमी, एकवचनम्
तोमरान्javelins, spears
तोमरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतोमर
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, बहुवचनम्
दशten
दश:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदशन्/दश (संख्याशब्द)
Formसंख्याविशेषणम्; (तोमरान् इति विशेष्यस्य) बहुवचनार्थे
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
V
VirāṭaT
tomara (spear/javelin)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The line highlights how anger (krodha) can drive sudden, forceful action in war; ethically, it cautions that unchecked wrath can eclipse discernment and intensify harm, even when one is acting within a warrior’s role.
Sañjaya reports that Virāṭa, provoked in the midst of combat, becomes furious and casts ten tomara-spears at his opponent(s), marking a sharp escalation in the exchange of weapons.