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Shloka 5

Āpava

Vasiṣṭha) and the Vasus: the Kāmadhenu Theft and the Curse (Śaṃtanu–Gaṅgā Saṃvāda

तद्‌ वै नृशंसं तदसत्यमाहु- ्य: सेवते<धर्ममनर्थबुद्धि: । अर्थोउप्यनीशस्य तथैव राजं- स्तदार्जवं स समाधिस्तदार्यम्‌,राजन! जो पापबुद्धिवाला मनुष्य अधर्मका आचरण करता है, उसका वह आचरण नृशंस (पापमय) और असत्य कहा गया है एवं उस अजितेन्द्रियका धन भी वैसा ही पापमय और अस्त्य है। परंतु वानप्रस्थ मुनिका जो धर्मपालन है, वही सरलता है, वही समाधि है और वही श्रेष्ठ आचरण है

tad vai nṛśaṃsaṃ tad asatyam āhur yo sevate ’dharmam anarthabuddhiḥ | artho ’py anīśasya tathaiva rājan tad ārjavaṃ sa samādhis tad āryam ||

O König, als grausam und unwahr gilt das Tun dessen, der mit verkehrtem Sinn Adharma übt. Selbst der Reichtum dessen, der sich nicht beherrscht, ist von derselben befleckten Art. Doch die Dharma-Treue des Waldweisen (vanaprastha) — sein diszipliniertes Leben — ist selbst Geradheit; sie ist selbst Sammlung (samadhi); sie ist selbst edles Verhalten.

तत्that (act/thing)
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
नृशंसम्cruel, sinful
नृशंसम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनृशंस
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
असत्यम्untrue, false
असत्यम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअसत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आहुःthey say/call
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (ब्रू/अह्)
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सेवतेpractises, resorts to
सेवते:
TypeVerb
Rootसेव्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
अधर्मम्unrighteousness
अधर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनर्थबुद्धिःone whose understanding is perverse (aimed at harm)
अनर्थबुद्धिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनर्थबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अर्थःwealth, gain
अर्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अनीशस्यof the uncontrolled/helpless (one lacking mastery)
अनीशस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनीश
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तथाso, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवjust, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आर्जवम्straightforwardness, sincerity
आर्जवम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआर्जव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सःthat (same) / he
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समाधिःconcentration, meditative absorption
समाधिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसमाधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आर्यम्noble, worthy
आर्यम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

जटद्टक उवाच

R
rājan (king, addressee)
V
vānaprastha muni (forest-dwelling sage; implied by context)

Educational Q&A

Adharma pursued with a harmful, deluded mindset is branded as wicked and false, and even the wealth of an uncontrolled person is morally tainted; by contrast, the disciplined dharma of a forest-sage embodies honesty (ārjava), inner collectedness (samādhi), and noble conduct (ārya).

The speaker addresses a king and offers ethical instruction: condemning unrighteous action and the gains of the unrestrained, while praising the ascetic, dharma-centered life of a forest-dwelling sage as the true model of integrity and spiritual steadiness.