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Shloka 52

Parīkṣit’s Inquiry into Vṛtrāsura’s Bhakti and the Beginning of Citraketu’s Trial

पतिं निरीक्ष्योरुशुचार्पितं तदा मृतं च बालं सुतमेकसन्ततिम् । जनस्य राज्ञी प्रकृतेश्च हृद्रुजं सती दधाना विललाप चित्रधा ॥ ५२ ॥

patiṁ nirīkṣyoru-śucārpitaṁ tadā mṛtaṁ ca bālaṁ sutam eka-santatim janasya rājñī prakṛteś ca hṛd-rujaṁ satī dadhānā vilalāpa citradhā

Als die Königin ihren Ehemann, König Citraketu, in großer Trauer versunken sah und das tote Kind erblickte, das der einzige Sohn der Familie war, klagte sie auf verschiedene Weise. Dies vergrößerte den Schmerz in den Herzen aller Palastbewohner, der Minister und aller Brāhmaṇas.

patimhusband
patim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpati (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
nirīkṣyahaving seen
nirīkṣya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootnir-īkṣ (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), having looked at
uru-śucā-arpitamoverwhelmed by great sorrow
uru-śucā-arpitam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rooturu (प्रातिपदिक) + śuc (प्रातिपदिक) + arpita (कृदन्त) < arp (धातु)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; qualifying patim: ‘given over to great grief’
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormTemporal adverb (कालवाचक अव्यय)
mṛtamdead
mṛtam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmṛta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) < mṛ (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; qualifying bālam/sutam
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
bālamchild
bālam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
sutamson
sutam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsuta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; in apposition to bālam
eka-santatimonly child (sole progeny)
eka-santatim:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rooteka (प्रातिपदिक) + santati (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; used as qualifier/apposition: ‘only offspring/sole progeny’
janasyaof the people
janasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootjana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
rājñīthe queen
rājñī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrājñī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
prakṛteḥof the citizens/retinue
prakṛteḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootprakṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
hṛd-rujamheartache
hṛd-rujam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roothṛd (प्रातिपदिक) + ruj (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; ‘heart-pain’
satīthe chaste/virtuous lady
satī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsatī (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) < as (धातु)
FormPresent active participle feminine (शतृ), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; ‘being/virtuous woman’
dadhānābearing (in her heart)
dadhānā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootdhā (धातु)
FormPresent middle participle (शानच्), Feminine, Nominative Singular; ‘bearing/holding’
vilalāpalamented
vilalāpa:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-lap (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular; parasmaipada
citradhāin various ways
citradhā:
Viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootcitradhā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (प्रकारवाचक अव्यय)
K
King Citraketu
T
The Queen (Citraketu’s consort)
T
The child (Citraketu’s son)
C
Citizens/subjects

FAQs

This verse portrays grief as a powerful, shared human experience—felt by the king, the queen, and even the citizens—yet it also sets the stage for Bhagavatam’s deeper teaching: to move from lamentation to spiritual understanding of the soul’s eternity and life’s impermanence.

Because her lamentation is not portrayed as irreligious; she is a devoted, principled wife who compassionately bears the pain of her husband and the people, even as she herself suffers the loss of her only child.

It validates grief while reminding us to seek higher perspective: support others who are suffering, acknowledge the impermanence of worldly relations, and turn the heart toward spiritual grounding (bhakti) rather than being consumed by despair.