HomeRamayanaBala KandaSarga 40Shloka 16
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Shloka 16

सगरपुत्राणां रसातलगमनम्

The Descent of Sagara’s Sons and the Wrath of Kapila

तत: पूर्वां दिशं भित्त्वा दक्षिणां बिभिदु: पुन:।।।।दक्षिणस्यामपि दिशि ददृशुस्ते महागजम्।महापद्मं महात्मानं सुमहत्पर्वतोपमम्।।।।शिरसा धारयन्तं ते विस्मयं जग्मुरुत्तमम्।

tataḥ pūrvāṃ diśaṃ bhittvā dakṣiṇāṃ bibhiduḥ punaḥ |

dakṣiṇasyām api diśi dadṛśus te mahāgajam |

mahāpadmaṃ mahātmānaṃ sumahat-parvatopamam |

śirasā dhārayantaṃ te vismayaṃ jagmur uttamam ||

তারপর পূর্বদিক বিদীর্ণ করে তারা আবার দক্ষিণ দিকেও প্রবেশ করল। দক্ষিণ দিকে তারা দেখল মহাগজ মহাপদ্মকে—মহাত্মা, পর্বতসম বিরাট—যিনি শিরে পৃথিবী ধারণ করে আছেন; তা দেখে তারা পরম বিস্ময়ে অভিভূত হল।

tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Temporal (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (adverb)
pūrvāmeastern
pūrvām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘diśam’ विशेषयति
diśamdirection/region
diśam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdiś (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
bhittvāhaving split
bhittvā:
Pūrvakāla (पूर्वकाल)
TypeVerb
Rootbhid (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund)
dakṣiṇāmsouthern
dakṣiṇām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootdakṣiṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘diśam’ (understood)
bibhiduḥthey broke open
bibhiduḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhid (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
punaḥagain
punaḥ:
Temporal (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpunaḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb)
dakṣiṇasyāmin the southern quarter
dakṣiṇasyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdakṣiṇā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘in the southern (direction)’
apialso
api:
Discourse particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle ‘also’)
diśiin the direction
diśi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdiś (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
dadṛśuḥthey saw
dadṛśuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
mahā-gajama great elephant
mahā-gajam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + gaja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
mahā-padmamMahāpadma (name)
mahā-padmam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + padma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (नाम), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
mahā-ātmānamgreat-souled
mahā-ātmānam:
Viśeṣaṇa of karma (कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (‘महान् आत्मा यस्य’ as adjective usage), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; महागजम् विशेषयति
su-mahat-parvata-upamamlike a very huge mountain
su-mahat-parvata-upamam:
Viśeṣaṇa of karma (कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + mahat (प्रातिपदिक) + parvata (प्रातिपदिक) + upama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (उपमान-निर्देशः), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘अत्यन्तं महान् पर्वत इव’
śirasāwith (his) head
śirasā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootśiras (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
dhārayantamsupporting
dhārayantam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootdhṛ (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
vismayamastonishment
vismayam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvismaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
jagmuḥthey attained
jagmuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootgam (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; ‘attained/went into (a state)’
uttamamsupreme; great
uttamam:
Viśeṣaṇa of karma (कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootuttama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘vismayam’ विशेषयति

Subsequently, having dug the eastern region, they went on to southern and dug it too. In the southern region, they beheld a mighty elephant, magnanimous Mahapadma, resembling a great mountain. To their astonishment, they saw that elephant holdingthe earth on its head.

M
Mahāpadma (diśāgaja)
S
southern quarter (dakṣiṇā diś)
E
earth (mahī/dharā)

FAQs

Dharma is portrayed as the sustaining duty of beings appointed to uphold the world: Mahāpadma ‘bears’ the earth, symbolizing steadfast responsibility and service to cosmic order.

Sagara’s sons continue digging through the earth across directions and encounter the southern directional elephant Mahāpadma supporting the earth.

Steadfastness (dhṛti): the elephant’s unwavering support of the earth models endurance and committed duty.