Shloka 52

Adhyaya 35 — Madālasa’s Instruction on Purity, Impurity, and Corrective Rites (Śauca and Aśauca)

Sanskrit

दानानि चैव देयानि ब्राह्मणेभ्यो मनीषिभिः ।

यद्यदिष्टतमं लोके यच्चापि ययितं गृहे ॥

Transliteration

dānāni caiva deyāni brāhmaṇebhyo manīṣibhiḥ /

yady adiṣṭatamaṃ loke yac cāpi yayitaṃ gṛhe

Translation

জ্ঞানী ব্যক্তি অবশ্যই ব্রাহ্মণদের দান দেবে—যা জগতে সর্বাধিক কাম্য, এবং যা নিজের গৃহে সর্বাধিক প্রিয়।

Word by Word

• दानानि: gifts/charities
• दानानि: कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed
• एव: निपात (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• देयानि: to be given
• देयानि: विधेय (Predicate obligation)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दा (धातु) + यत् (कृदन्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (gerundive/obligatory), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन; ‘दानानि’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• ब्राह्मणेभ्यः: to Brahmins
• ब्राह्मणेभ्यः: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), बहुवचन

• मनीषिभिः: by the wise
• मनीषिभिः: कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनीषिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• यत्: whatever
• यत्: कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)

• यत्: whatever
• यत्: कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति (correlative emphasis)

• इष्टतमम्: most desired
• इष्टतमम्: विशेषण (Qualifier of implied ‘दानम्/वस्तु’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इष्ट-तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तमप्-प्रत्यय (superlative)

• लोके: in the world
• लोके: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• यत्: and whatever
• यत्: कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (conjunction)

• अपि: also
• अपि: निपात (Addition)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle)

• ययितम्: that which has been taken/removed (from the house)
• ययितम्: विशेषण (Qualifier of implied ‘वस्तु’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: या (धातु) + णिच् (causative) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (past participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; causative sense ‘caused to go/led away’; पाठभेदसम्भवः (uncertain reading)

• गृहे: in the house
• गृहे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

Speakers

• Instructional discourse within Alarka-anuśāsana frame (speaker not explicitly marked in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhakti", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dāna
• Brāhmaṇa-honor
• Detachment
• Śrāddha-supporting charity

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

True giving is measured by sacrifice: offering what is dear loosens possessiveness and converts private attachment into public merit (puṇya).

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra-oriented instruction; not a pañcalakṣaṇa narrative unit.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘most cherished’ gift represents surrender of ahaṃkāra’s extensions (property/status). Dāna becomes an inner offering, not merely social exchange.