Saṃsāra-duḥkha: Karmic Descent, Garbhavāsa, Life’s Anxieties, Death, and the Call to Jñāna-Bhakti
स्थावरत्वेऽपि बहुकालं वानरादिभिर्भुज्यमाना हि च्छेदनदवाग्निदहनशीतातपादिदुःखमनुभूय म्रियते । ततश्च क्रिमयो भूत्वा सदादुःखबहुलाः क्षणार्ध्दं जीवंतः क्षणार्ध्दं म्रियमाणा बलवत्प्राणिपीडायां निवारयितुमक्षमाः शीतवातादिक्लेशभूयिष्ठा नित्यं क्षुधाक्षुधिता मलमूत्रादिषु सचरंतो दुःखमनुभवंति ॥ ४ ॥
sthāvaratve'pi bahukālaṃ vānarādibhirbhujyamānā hi cchedanadavāgnidahanaśītātapādiduḥkhamanubhūya mriyate | tataśca krimayo bhūtvā sadāduḥkhabahulāḥ kṣaṇārdhdaṃ jīvaṃtaḥ kṣaṇārdhdaṃ mriyamāṇā balavatprāṇipīḍāyāṃ nivārayitumakṣamāḥ śītavātādikleśabhūyiṣṭhā nityaṃ kṣudhākṣudhitā malamūtrādiṣu sacaraṃto duḥkhamanubhavaṃti || 4 ||
স্থাবৰ যোনিতো জীৱ বহু কাল বানৰ আদি দ্বাৰা ভক্ষিত হয়; কটা, দাবানল‑দহন, শীত‑তাপ আদি দুখ ভোগ কৰি শেষত মৰে। তাৰ পাছত কৃমি হৈ সদায় দুখে ভৰা থাকে—অৰ্ধক্ষণ জীয়াই, অৰ্ধক্ষণ মৰে; বলৱান প্ৰাণীৰ তীব্ৰ পীড়া ৰোধ কৰিব নোৱাৰে; শীত‑বতাহ আদি ক্লেশত অতিশয় পীড়িত, নিত্য ক্ষুধাৰ্ত, মল‑মূত্ৰ আদিত বিচৰণ কৰি কেৱল দুখেই অনুভৱ কৰে।
Sanatkumāra (in dialogue with Nārada)
Vrata: none
Primary Rasa: bibhatsa
Secondary Rasa: karuna
It intensifies vairāgya (detachment) by describing how karmic bondage can lead to painful, helpless embodiments—urging the seeker to pursue dharma and liberation rather than sense-driven actions.
By showing the terror of saṁsāra and the fragility of embodied life, it prepares the mind for taking refuge in the Lord—bhakti as a saving orientation that redirects karma toward purification and mokṣa.
No specific Vedāṅga (like Vyākaraṇa or Jyotiṣa) is taught in this verse; the practical takeaway is ethical causality (karma) and the urgency of disciplined dharma as the foundation for higher knowledge.