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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 39

Tithi-Nirṇaya for Vratas: Ekādaśī Rules, Saṅkrānti Punya-kāla, Eclipse Observances, and Prāyaścitta

पूर्वद्वये परेद्युः स्यात्संगवात्परतो मनीषिभिः । सद्यः कालः परेद्युः स्याज्ज्ञेयमेवं तिथिक्षये ॥ ३९ ॥

pūrvadvaye paredyuḥ syātsaṃgavātparato manīṣibhiḥ | sadyaḥ kālaḥ paredyuḥ syājjñeyamevaṃ tithikṣaye || 39 ||

তিথিক্ষয় হ’লে মুনিসকলে কয়—প্ৰথম দুটা ভাগত ‘পৰেদ্যুঃ’ (পৰদিন) গ্ৰহণীয়; কিন্তু সংগৱৰ পিছত ‘সദ്യঃ’ কালো পৰদিনৰ বুলি বুজিব লাগে।

pūrva-dvayein the earlier two parts
pūrva-dvaye:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeNoun
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक) + dvaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः “पूर्वस्य द्वये” (in the earlier two parts)
paredyuḥ(it is) next-day
paredyuḥ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootparedyuḥ (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक
syātshould be
syāt:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√as (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
saṃgavātfrom saṃgava (forenoon time)
saṃgavāt:
Apadana (अपादान/From)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃgava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन
parataḥafter that
parataḥ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootparataḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; दिशा/परत्व-बोधक (thereafter/beyond)
manīṣibhiḥby the sages
manīṣibhiḥ:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootmanīṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
sadyaḥsame-day/immediate
sadyaḥ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsadyaḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक
kālaḥtime
kālaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
paredyuḥnext-day
paredyuḥ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootparedyuḥ (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक
syātshould be
syāt:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√as (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
jñeyamis to be known
jñeyam:
Karma (कर्म/Predicate complement)
TypeVerb
Root√jñā (धातु); -ya (क्तव्य/gerundive)
Formकृदन्त (क्तव्य/तव्यत्-अर्थ), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; विधेय “to be known”
evamthus
evam:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevam (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (manner adverb)
tithi-kṣayeat the ending of the lunar day (tithi)
tithi-kṣaye:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Condition/Time)
TypeNoun
Roottithi (प्रातिपदिक) + kṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः “तिथेः क्षये”

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

N
Narada
S
Sanatkumara

FAQs

It safeguards dharma by ensuring vows and worship are performed at the correct sacred time; accurate kāla (time) is treated as an essential support for meritorious action.

Bhakti practices like vrata, pūjā, and upavāsa depend on proper tithi timing; the verse provides a rule so devotion is aligned with śāstric time-reckoning even during tithi-kṣaya.

Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa (astronomical calendrics): it gives a decision rule using saṅgava and day-divisions to assign ‘same-day time’ to the next day when a tithi is lost.