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Skanda Purana — Prabhasa Khanda, Shloka 105

ईश्वर उवाच । सात्त्विका राजसाश्चैव तामसाश्चेति वै त्रिधा । भवंति लोकास्तेष्वेते तमःप्राया दुरासदाः

īśvara uvāca | sāttvikā rājasāścaiva tāmasāśceti vai tridhā | bhavaṃti lokāsteṣvete tamaḥprāyā durāsadāḥ

قال إيشفارا: 'العوالم في الواقع ثلاثة أنواع: ساتفيكا، وراجاسا، وتاماسا. ومن بين هؤلاء، تغلب على هذه الكائنات الظلمة ويصعب الاقتراب منها.'

īśvaraḥthe Lord
īśvaraḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootīśvara (ईश्वर प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वच् धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)
sāttvikāḥsattvic
sāttvikāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsāttvika (सात्त्विक प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण
rājasāḥrajasic
rājasāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootrājasa (राजस प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (Conjunctive/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (च)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
evaindeed
eva:
Avadharana (Emphasis/अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (एव)
Formनिश्चय/अवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
tāmasāḥtamasic
tāmasāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roottāmasa (तामस प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (Conjunctive/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (च)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
itithus
iti:
Prayojaka (Marker/इति-प्रयोग)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (इति)
Formउद्धरण/समाप्ति-अव्यय (quotative particle)
vaiindeed
vai:
Avadharana (Emphasis/अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (वै)
Formनिश्चय-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
tridhāthreefold
tridhā:
Kriya-viseshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottridhā (त्रिधा)
Formप्रकार-अव्यय (adverb: in three ways)
bhavantiare/become
bhavanti:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (भू धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural)
lokāḥworlds/realms
lokāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootloka (लोक प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)
teṣuamong them
teṣu:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन (Plural)
etethese
ete:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (एतद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)
tamaḥ-prāyāḥmostly dark/ignorant
tamaḥ-prāyāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roottamas (तमस्) + prāya (प्राय) (प्रातिपदिकौ)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (determinative: ‘mostly darkness’), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण
durāsadāḥhard to approach/overcome
durāsadāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootdur- (दुर् उपसर्ग) + āsada (आसद/आसद्-प्रातिपदिक ‘approachable’)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण

Īśvara (Śiva)

Tirtha: Prabhāsa-kṣetra

Type: kshetra

Listener: Devī (Pārvatī)

Scene: Īśvara teaching Devī: a serene cosmic tableau with three luminous strata symbolizing sattva (clear light), rajas (red-gold motion), tamas (smoky shadow), while beings of tamas appear turbulent and hard to restrain.

Ī
Īśvara (Śiva)
G
Guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas)

FAQs

Destiny and conduct are shaped by the guṇas; tamas leads to hardness of heart and resistance to dharma.

The discourse belongs to Prabhāsa-kṣetra-māhātmya, reinforcing Prabhāsa as a sacred locus for profound dharma-teachings.

No explicit ritual is given; the verse offers a doctrinal framework (three guṇas/threefold realms) for understanding behavior and fate.