न वृत्तिलोपकश्चासीत्कूट साक्षी न चैव हि । न शठो न कृतघ्नश्च मलिनो नैव दृश्यते
na vṛttilopakaścāsītkūṭa sākṣī na caiva hi | na śaṭho na kṛtaghnaśca malino naiva dṛśyate
لم يكن أحد يسلب الناس أرزاقهم، ولا كان ثمّة شاهد زور قطّ. ولم يُرَ مخادع ولا جاحد للمعروف ولا ذو قلب دنس.
Narrator (sectional voice; likely a Purāṇic narrator addressing a king)
Scene: A righteous court and marketplace: honest scales, fair wages, witnesses speaking truth, grateful disciples honoring benefactors; imagery of clean water and white garments symbolizing śauca.
Dharma manifests as social justice: truthful testimony, honest livelihood, gratitude, and inner purity.
None is named; the verse continues the praise of dharmic order within the Dharmāraṇya narrative.
None; it emphasizes moral prohibitions and virtues.