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Skanda Purana — Brahma Khanda, Shloka 77

Devanagari script

वाग्देवी धृतवल्लकी शतमखो वेणुं दधत्पद्मजस्तालोन्निद्रकरो रमा भगवती गेयप्रयोगान्विता । विष्णुः सांद्रमृदंगवादनपटुर्देवाः समंतात्स्थिताः सेवंते तमनु प्रदोषसमये देवं मृडानीपतिम्

Transliteration

vāgdevī dhṛtavallakī śatamakho veṇuṃ dadhatpadmajastālonnidrakaro ramā bhagavatī geyaprayogānvitā | viṣṇuḥ sāṃdramṛdaṃgavādanapaṭurdevāḥ samaṃtātsthitāḥ sevaṃte tamanu pradoṣasamaye devaṃ mṛḍānīpatim

Translation

فاغديفي (Vāgdevī) تحمل آلة الفينا (vīṇā)؛ وشاتاماكا (إندرا) يحمل الناي؛ وبادماجا (براهما) يضبط الإيقاع ويداه مرفوعتان؛ والإلهة المباركة راما (لاكشمي) متقنة للغناء. وفيشنو (Viṣṇu) ماهرٌ في ضرب المِردنغا الرنّانة (mṛdaṅga)، والآلهة قائمون من كل جانب—وهكذا في وقت برادوشا (Pradoṣa) يخدمون ذلك الإله، زوج مِرداني (Mṛḍānī/بارفتي).

Word by Word
vāk-devīthe goddess of speech (Sarasvatī)
vāk-devī:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvāk+devī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः वाक्+देवी (कर्मधारयः)
dhṛta-vallakīholding a vīṇā
dhṛta-vallakī:
Karta (Agent-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdhṛta+vallakī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः धृत+वल्लकी (बहुव्रीहिः: 'she who holds a lute')
śatamakhaḥŚatamakha (Indra)
śatamakhaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśatamakha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (इन्द्रः: 'he of a hundred sacrifices')
veṇumflute
veṇum:
Karman (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootveṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
dadhatholding
dadhat:
Karta (Agent-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdhṛ (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त (present active participle), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (शतमुखः इति विशेषणम्)
padmajaḥPadmaja (Brahmā)
padmajaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpadma+ja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः पद्म+ज (तत्पुरुषः: 'lotus-born' = Brahmā)
tāla-unnidra-karaḥwith hands raised for rhythm
tāla-unnidra-karaḥ:
Karta (Agent-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottāla+unnidra+kara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः ताल+उन्निद्र+कर (बहुव्रीहिः: 'whose hands are raised for keeping time')
ramāRamā (Lakṣmī)
ramā:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootramā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
bhagavatīthe blessed goddess
bhagavatī:
Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhagavatī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (रमा इति विशेष्यस्य)
geya-prayoga-anvitāendowed with musical renditions
geya-prayoga-anvitā:
Karta (Agent-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootgeya+prayoga+anvita (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः गेय+प्रयोग (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः) + अन्विता (तत्पुरुषः: 'endowed with musical performance')
viṣṇuḥViṣṇu
viṣṇuḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootviṣṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
sāṃdra-mṛdaṃga-vādana-paṭuḥskilled at playing the resonant mṛdaṅga
sāṃdra-mṛdaṃga-vādana-paṭuḥ:
Karta (Agent-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsāṃdra+mṛdaṃga+vādana+paṭu (प्रातिपदik)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः सांद्र+मृदङ्ग (कर्मधारयः) + वादन (तत्पुरुषः) + पटु (तत्पुरुषः: 'skilled in playing the deep mṛdaṅga')
devāḥthe gods
devāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
samantāton all sides
samantāt:
Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsamantāt (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: on all sides)
sthitāḥstanding
sthitāḥ:
Karta (Agent-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsthā (धातु) + ta (कृत्)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past participle), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; (देवाḥ इति विशेषणम्)
sevanteserve/attend
sevante:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsev (धातु)
Formलट्, आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
tamhim
tam:
Karman (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
anufollowing/attending
anu:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootanu (अव्यय)
Formउपसर्ग/अव्यय (postposition: after/along; here: in accordance/attending)
pradoṣa-samayeat pradoṣa time
pradoṣa-samaye:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpradoṣa-samaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; समासः प्रदोष+समय (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः)
devamthe god
devam:
Karman (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
mṛḍānī-patimhusband of Mṛḍānī (Śiva)
mṛḍānī-patim:
Karman (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmṛḍānī+pati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; समासः मृडानी+पति (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः)
Speaker

Unknown (devotional narrator within Brahmottarakhaṇḍa)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Kailāsa (as archetype for Pradoṣa worship everywhere)

Type: peak

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A celestial concert around Śiva at Pradoṣa: Sarasvatī with vīṇā, Indra with flute, Brahmā keeping tāla, Lakṣmī singing, Viṣṇu playing mṛdaṅga; devas encircle, all serving Śiva, Pārvatī nearby.

Characters & Entities
Ś
Śiva (Mṛḍānīpati)
P
Pārvatī (Mṛḍānī)
S
Sarasvatī
I
Indra
B
Brahmā
L
Lakṣmī (Ramā)
V
Viṣṇu
D
Devas

FAQs

Pradoṣa is exalted as a supreme devotional moment: even the highest deities express reverence by serving Śiva.

No earthly tīrtha is specified; the verse depicts a celestial liturgy around Śiva, strengthening the māhātmya of Pradoṣa.

Implied: worship Śiva at Pradoṣa with music, song, and devoted attendance (sevā/bhakti).

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