Skanda Purana — Brahma Khanda, Shloka 78

Devanagari script

गंधर्वयक्षपतगोरगसिद्ध साध्या विद्याधरामरवराप्सरसां गणाश्च । येऽन्ये त्रिलोकनिलयाः सह भूतवर्गाः प्राप्ते प्रदोषसमये हरपार्थसंस्थाः

Transliteration

gaṃdharvayakṣapatagoragasiddha sādhyā vidyādharāmaravarāpsarasāṃ gaṇāśca | ye'nye trilokanilayāḥ saha bhūtavargāḥ prāpte pradoṣasamaye harapārthasaṃsthāḥ

Translation

جماعات الغاندارفات (Gandharvas) والياكشا (Yakṣas) والطيور والناغا (Nāgas) والسِدّها (Siddhas) والسادْهيا (Sādhyas)؛ وفرق الفيديادهارا (Vidyādharas) والآلهة وأسمى الأبساراس (Apsarases)؛ وسائر سكان العوالم الثلاثة مع جموع الكائنات—إذا حلّ وقت برادوشا (Pradoṣa) اتخذوا مواقعهم خَدَمًا لهارا (Hara) مع بارفتي (Pārvatī).

Word by Word

• gandharva-yakṣa-pataga-uraga-siddha-sādhyāḥ: Gandharvas, Yakṣas, birds, serpents, Siddhas, and Sādhyas
• gandharva-yakṣa-pataga-uraga-siddha-sādhyāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gandharva+yakṣa+pataga+uraga+siddha+sādhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्वसमासः (समाहार/इतरेतर)

• vidyādhara-amara-vara-apsarasām: of Vidyādharas, gods, excellent ones, and Apsarases
• vidyādhara-amara-vara-apsarasām: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vidyādhara+amara+vara+apsaras (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (apsaras), षष्ठी, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्वसमासः (विद्याधराः च अमराः च वराः च अप्सरसः च)

• gaṇāḥ: groups
• gaṇāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• ye: who
• ye: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• anye: other
• anye: Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• tri-loka-nilayāḥ: inhabitants of the three worlds
• tri-loka-nilayāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tri+loka+nilaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः त्रि+लोक (द्विगु) + निलय (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: 'dwellers of the three worlds')

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahakari (Accompaniment/सहकारी)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: सह (postposition: with)

• bhūta-vargāḥ: hosts of beings
• bhūta-vargāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūta+varga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः भूत+वर्ग (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः)

• prāpte: when (it) has arrived
• prāpte: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra+āp (धातु) + ta (कृत्)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle), पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; (प्रदोषसमये इति सापेक्षः: 'when ... has arrived')

• pradoṣa-samaye: at pradoṣa time
• pradoṣa-samaye: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pradoṣa-samaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; समासः प्रदोष+समय (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः)

• hara-pārtha-saṃsthāḥ: stationed with Hara and Pārtha
• hara-pārtha-saṃsthāḥ: Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hara+pārtha+saṃstha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः हर+पार्थ (द्वन्द्व/तत्पुरुषप्रायः) + संस्थ (तत्पुरुषः: 'stationed with/near Hara and Pārtha')

Speaker

Unknown (devotional narrator within Brahmottarakhaṇḍa)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A vast cosmic amphitheater at Pradoṣa: Gandharvas and Apsarases, Yakṣas, Vidyādharas, Nāgas, Siddhas, Sādhyas, birds and other beings, plus bhūta-gaṇas, all arranged in tiers around Śiva and Pārvatī in the center.

Characters & Entities

• Śiva (Hara)
• Pārvatī
• Gandharvas
• Yakṣas
• Nāgas (Uraga)
• Siddhas
• Sādhyas
• Vidyādharas
• Apsarases

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Pradoṣa is celebrated as a cosmic hour of Śiva’s worship, drawing reverence from all realms of existence.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No specific earthly tīrtha is named; the verse universalizes Pradoṣa as sacred across the three worlds.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Implied prescription: participate in Śiva worship at Pradoṣa, aligning oneself with the cosmic assembly devoted to Hara.