Rig Veda 7.98.4: Mandala 7, Sukta 98, Mantra 4

Sukta 7.98

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional for Maṇḍala 7)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यद्योधया महतो मन्यमानान्त्साक्षाम तान्बाहुभिः शाशदानान् । यद्वा नृभिर्वृत इन्द्राभियुध्यास्तं त्वयाजिं सौश्रवसं जयेम ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.98.4

Transliteration

yád yodháyā maható manyamānā́n sākṣā́ma tā́n bāhúbhiḥ śāśadānā́n | yád vā nṛ́bhir vṛ́ta indra abhí-yudhyās táṃ tvayā́jim sauśravásaṃ jayema ||

Translation

حين تسوق إلى القتال العظماءَ الذين يظنّون أنفسهم أقوياء، ونواجههم مواجهةً صريحة—أولئك الذين يندفعون بأذرعهم؛ أو حين، مع رجالٍ مختارين، يا إندرا، تقاتل قتالًا شديدًا—فبك لِنَفُزْ بتلك المعركة التي تجلب الصيت الحسن والذِّكر الطيب المسموع حقًّا.

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Word by Word

• यत्: when; that
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (relative pronoun used adverbially) / Conjunction
• Root: यद्

• योधयाः: you cause to fight; you set (them) to battle
• योधयाः: Kriyā (predicate); implied Kartā = ‘त्वम् (इन्द्र)’
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध् (caus.) → योधय-

• महतः: of the great (one); of the mighty
• महतः: Sambandha (genitive relation) with मन्युमानान्
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / Noun-like
• Root: महत्

• मन्युमानान्: those who are full of wrath; the wrathful
• मन्युमानान्: Karma (object) of योधयाः / शाशदान्
• Type: Adjective (substantivized) / Noun
• Root: मन्यु- + -मान (possessive) → मन्युमान्

• साक्षाम्: directly; face to face
• साक्षाम्: Adverbial (manner) modifying शाशदान्
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: साक्षात् (Vedic adverbial form) / साक्षा

• तान्: those
• तान्: Karma (object), in apposition to मन्युमानान्
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्

• बाहुभिः: with (your) arms
• बाहुभिः: Karaṇa (instrument) of शाशदान्
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहु-

• शाशदानान्: smitting; overpowering; driving down
• शाशदानान्: Karma (those whom you smite/overpower)
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: शद्/शाद् (Vedic) → शाशद् (intensive/reduplicated aorist/preterite stem used as participial)

• यत्: when; that
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (relative pronoun used adverbially)
• Root: यद्

• वा: or; alternatively
• वा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• नृभिः: with men; by heroes
• नृभिः: Sahakāraka/Karaṇa (association/instrument) with अभियुध्याः
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ-

• वृतः: chosen; accompanied; surrounded
• वृतः: Kartā (subject complement) of implied ‘असि’ with इन्द्र
• Type: Participle (past passive) used predicatively
• Root: वृ (to choose/cover) → वृत-

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambोधन (address)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र-

• अभियुध्याः: you fight against; you engage in battle
• अभियुध्याः: Kriyā (predicate); Kartā = ‘त्वम् (इन्द्र)’
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध् (with preverb अभि-) → अभियुध्य-

• तम्: that (one); him
• तम्: Karma (object) of जयेम
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्

• त्वया: with you; by you
• त्वया: Karaṇa / Sahakāraka (means/companionship) for जयेम
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्

• अजिम्: the race; the contest; the battle
• अजिम्: Karma (object) of जयेम (win the contest)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अजि-

• सौश्रवसम्: of good fame; glorious
• सौश्रवसम्: Viśeṣaṇa of तम्
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: सु-श्रवस्- → सौश्रवस-

• जयेम: may we win; may we conquer
• जयेम: Kriyā (main predicate); Kartā = ‘वयम्’
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि