Rig Veda 10.155.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 155, Mantra 3
Sukta 10.155
Devata: Apotropaic/transition motif; addressee is ‘durhano’ (hard-to-slay) possibly the affliction being commanded or a protective force—contextually part of expulsion/crossing imagery
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अदो यद्दारु प्लवते सिन्धोः पारे अपूरुषम् । तदा रभस्व दुर्हणो तेन गच्छ परस्तरम् ॥
Transliteration
adó yád dā́ru plávate síndhoḥ pāré apūruṣám | tádā́ rabhásva durháno téna gáccha parastarám ||
Translation
تلك الجِذْعَةُ التي تطفو هناك على الضفّةِ الأخرى من النهر، لم يمسَسْها إنسان—تَشَبَّثْ بها، يا عسيرَ القتل؛ وبها اعبرْ إلى ما وراء، إلى الضفّةِ الأبعد.
Word by Word
अदःthat (yonder/that thing)
अदः:
Karma (यद्-उपवाक्ये) / विषय-निर्देश
TypePronoun
Rootअदस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
यत्when/that which
यत्:
सम्बन्ध (यद्-तद्-सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable (relative) / Pronoun
Rootयद् (संबन्ध-सर्वनाम)
दारुwood; a log
दारु:
Kartā (प्लवते)
TypeNoun
Rootदारु (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *dóru-
प्लवतेfloats
प्लवते:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√प्लु (प्लवते) ‘to float, swim’
सिन्धोःof the river/stream (Sindhu)
सिन्धोः:
सम्बन्ध (पा॒रे इत्यस्य) / अधिकरण-सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootसिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
पारेon the far bank
पारे:
Adhikaraṇa (स्थान)
TypeNoun
Rootपार (प्रातिपदिक) ‘far side, bank’
अपूरुषम्the non-man; not a man (a non-human being)
अपूरुषम्:
Karma (गच्छ) / गन्तव्य-वस्तु
TypeAdjective (used substantively) / Noun
Rootअ- + पुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikaraṇa (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद् + आ (अव्ययीभाव)
रभस्वseize (it)! / take hold!
रभस्व:
क्रिया (आदेश)
TypeVerb (imperative) / also felt as exhortation
Root√रभ् (रभस्व) ‘to seize, take hold; be bold/active’
दुर्हणःO hard-to-overcome one
दुर्हणः:
सम्बोधन (आह्वान)
TypeAdjective (vocative)
Rootदुर्- + हण (प्रातिपदिक; ‘hard to strike/overcome’, ‘hard to deal with’)
तेनwith that; by means of that
तेन:
Karaṇa (साधन)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
गच्छgo
गच्छ:
क्रिया (आदेश)
TypeVerb (imperative)
Root√गम् (गच्छ) ‘to go’
परस्तरम्to the farther crossing; to the other side
परस्तरम्:
Karma (गन्तव्य-लक्ष्य) / अधिकरणार्थे गत्यर्थकर्म
TypeNoun (goal) / Adverbial accusative
Rootपर- + स्तर (प्रातिपदिक) ‘further crossing/other side; farther bank’
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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