Rig Veda 1.173.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 173, Mantra 3

Sukta 1.173

Devata: Sacrificial Word/Hotar function in service of Indra’s rite (hymnic context); the verse foregrounds Vāk as mediator

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

नक्षद्धोता परि सद्म मिता यन्भरद्गर्भमा शरदः पृथिव्याः । क्रन्ददश्वो नयमानो रुवद्गौरन्तर्दूतो न रोदसी चरद्वाक् ॥

Transliteration

nákṣad hótā pári sádma mitā́ yán bhárad gárbham ā́ śáradaḥ pṛthivyā́ḥ | krándad áśvo náyamāno ruvád gáur antár dūtó ná rodasī́ íti carád vāk ||

Translation

يبلغ الهوتَرُ ويُحيطُ بالمقامِ الموزونِ، إذ يحملُ الجَنينَ (garbha) من فصولِ الأرض. كفرسٍ يَصهَلُ وهو يُساقُ قُدُمًا، وكثورٍ يَخُورُ، تتحرّكُ الكلمةُ في الداخل—كَرَسولٍ بين العالَمَين—تَجوبُ في القولِ بين السماءِ والأرض.

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Word by Word

• नक्षत्: reached; attained
• नक्षत्: Kriyā (मुख्य क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नश् (नक्ष्) / √naś

• होता: the Hotṛ-priest
• होता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ (√हु + तृ) / hotṛ

• परि: around; all about
• परि: Upapada (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि / pari

• सद्म: the seat; abode; dwelling
• सद्म: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सद्मन् / sadman

• मिता: measured; duly measured/ordered
• मिता: Karma (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: √मा (मि) + क्त / mīta

• यन्: going; moving
• यन्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Kṛdanta (indeclinable use)
• Root: √या / yan (present participial base used adverbially)

• भरत्: bears; carries
• भरत्: Kriyā (अनु-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भृ / bhar

• गर्भम्: the embryo; germ; child
• गर्भम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गर्भ / garbha

• आ: towards; unto
• आ: Upapada (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ / ā

• शरदः: through the autumns; for years
• शरदः: Adhikaraṇa (काल)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरद् / śarad

• पृथिव्याः: of the earth
• पृथिव्याः: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी / pṛthivī

• क्रन्दत्: cries out; roars
• क्रन्दत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √क्रन्द् / krand

• अश्वः: the horse
• अश्वः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व / aśva

• न: like; as
• न: Upamāna-marker
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न / na

• नयमानः: being led; led along
• नयमानः: Kartā (विशेष्य-अन्वय) / Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Participle
• Root: √नी / nī (causative/passive participial formation)

• रुवत्: roaring; bellowing
• रुवत्: Kartā (विशेष्य-अन्वय)
• Type: Kṛdanta (present participle)
• Root: √रु / ru

• गौः: the cow; the bull (bovine)
• गौः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो / go

• अन्तः: within; inside
• अन्तः: Adhikaraṇa (स्थान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्तः / antaḥ

• दूतः: a messenger
• दूतः: Kartā (गौः इत्यस्य समन्वयः/अप्पोज़िशन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दूत / dūta

• न: like; as
• न: Upamāna-marker
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न / na

• रोदसी: the two worlds (heaven and earth)
• रोदसी: Karma
• Type: Noun (dual)
• Root: रोदसी / rodasī

• चरत्: moving; roaming
• चरत्: Kartā (विशेष्य-अन्वय)
• Type: Kṛdanta (present participle)
• Root: √चर् / car

• वाक्: speech; voice
• वाक्: Kartā (सम्बद्ध-कर्तृ/अप्पोज़िशन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच् / vāc