Valmiki Ramayana 2.75.8 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 8

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

स तु रामानुजश्चापि शत्रुघ्नसहितस्तदा।प्रतस्थे भरतो यत्र कौसल्याया निवेशनम्।।।।

Transliteration

sa tu rāmānujaś cāpi śatrughnasahitas tadā | pratasthē bharato yatra kausalyāyā niveśanam ||

Translation

ثم إن بهاراتا، أخا راما الأصغر، ومعه شترغنا، مضى إلى مسكن كوساليا.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रम/कालवाचक-अव्यय (then/thereupon)

• śatrughna-bharatau: Śatrughna and Bharata
• śatrughna-bharatau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śatrughna (प्रातिपदिक) + bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; द्वन्द्वः (Śatrughna and Bharata)

• kausalyām: Kausalyā
• kausalyām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kausalyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• prekṣya: having seen
• prekṣya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √īkṣ (ईक्ष्) with pra (प्र)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), ‘having seen’

• duḥkhitau: sorrowful
• duḥkhitau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkhita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; ‘śatrughna-bharatau’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• paryaṣvajetām: embraced
• paryaṣvajetām: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-ā-√svaj (स्वज्)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), द्विवचन; परस्मैपद

• duḥkha-ārtām: grief-stricken
• duḥkha-ārtām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + ārta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘दुःखेन आर्ता’ (afflicted by grief)

• patitām: fallen (down)
• patitām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: patita (कृदन्त; √pat ‘पत्’)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘kausalyām’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• naṣṭa-cetasām: unconscious/out of senses
• naṣṭa-cetasām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: naṣṭa (कृदन्त; √naś ‘नश्’) + cetas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—‘नष्टं चेतः यस्याः सा’ (one whose consciousness is lost)

• rudantau: weeping
• rudantau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rudant (कृदन्त; √rud ‘रुद्’)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; ‘śatrughna-bharatau’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• rudatīm: weeping
• rudatīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rudatī (कृदन्त; √rud ‘रुद्’)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्यय, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘kausalyām’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• duḥkhāt: from/with grief
• duḥkhāt: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन; हेत्वर्थे (ablative of cause)

• sametya: having approached
• sametya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√i (इ)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), ‘having approached/come together’

• āryām: noble/venerable
• āryām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: āryā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘kausalyām’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम् (venerable)

• manasvinīm: high-minded
• manasvinīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: manasvinī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘kausalyām’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम् (high-minded)

Context

O son! by swearing on oaths, you are choking the very breath of my life and my suffering has grown still more.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Rāma
• Śatrughna
• Kausalyā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as respect and duty toward elders: Bharata goes promptly to Kausalyā, acknowledging her maternal and royal seniority.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata and Śatrughna move toward Kausalyā’s quarters to meet her after Bharata’s return.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s propriety and humility are foregrounded—he seeks the elder’s presence rather than asserting status.