Shloka 30

Adhyaya 52 — The Manifestation of Nilalohita (Rudra) and the Allocation of His Names, Abodes, Consorts, and Lineages

Sanskrit

पितरो ब्रह्मणा सृष्टा ये व्याख्याता मया तव ।

अग्निष्वात्ता बर्हिषदोऽनग्नयः साग्नयश्च ये ॥

Transliteration

pitaro brahmaṇā sṛṣṭā ye vyākhyātā mayā tava | agniṣvāttā barhiṣado 'nagnayaḥ sāgnayaś ca ye ||

Translation

أمّا الآباء (Pitṛ) الذين خلقهم براهما—وقد شرحتهم لك—فهم: أغنيشفاتّا (Agniṣvātta)، وبارهِشاد (Barhiṣad)، والذين بلا نار، والذين مع نار.

Word by Word

• pitaraḥ: the Pitṛs (manes)
• pitaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• brahmaṇā: by Brahmā
• brahmaṇā: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument; agent in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• sṛṣṭāḥ: created
• sṛṣṭāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sṛj (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (कृदन्त: क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); agrees with pitaraḥ

• ye: who
• ye: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); relative pronoun referring to pitaraḥ

• vyākhyātāḥ: explained
• vyākhyātāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + ā + khyā (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (कृदन्त: क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); 'explained'

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Karaṇa (करण/Agent-instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• tava: for you/your
• tava: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान/Beneficiary; 'for you')
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)

• agniṣvāttāḥ: Agniṣvāttas (a class of Pitṛs)
• agniṣvāttāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; appositional class)
• Type: Noun
• Root: agni (प्रातिपदिक) + svātta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); class-name of Pitṛs; tatpuruṣa (traditional)

• barhiṣadaḥ: Barhiṣads (a class of Pitṛs)
• barhiṣadaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; appositional class)
• Type: Noun
• Root: barhis (प्रातिपदिक) + sada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); barhiṣ-sada = 'sitting on the sacred grass'

• anagnayaḥ: without fire
• anagnayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: an-agni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); privative a-

• sāgnayaḥ: with fire
• sāgnayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa-agni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); with possessive prefix sa-

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction particle (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• ye: who
• ye: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); relative pronoun (reiterated)

Speakers

• Narrative voice addressing an interlocutor ('to you')

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Brahmā

Key Themes

• Pitṛ cosmology
• Śrāddha background
• Ritual classification
• Creation (sarga)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Acknowledging Pitṛ categories supports the dharmic ethic of gratitude and continuity: the living are indebted to ancestors. The ‘with fire/without fire’ distinction also keeps ritual responsibility precise.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: Brahmā’s creation of classes of beings; also supports Dharma-śāstric ritual frameworks embedded in Purāṇas.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Fire’ marks transformation: sāgnaya/anagnaya can symbolize whether consciousness is ritually/innerly ‘kindled’ (sa-agni) or not—an inner śrāddha reading.