Mantra 20

Sukta 5

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

ओषधयो भूतभव्यमहोरात्रे वनस्पतिः । संवत्सरः सहर्तुभिस्ते जाता ब्रह्मचारिणः

IAST Transliteration

óṣadhayo bhūtá-bhavyám ahorātré vanaspátiḥ | saṃvatsaráḥ sahá ṛtúbhis té jātā́ brahmacā́riṇaḥ ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

The Herbs, what hath been and what shall be, Day-and-Night, and Forest’s Lord; the Year with Seasons in his train—these all are born of the vowed Student.

Translation

الأعشابُ الدوائيّة (oṣadhi)، وما كان وما سيكون؛ والنهارُ والليل؛ وسيّدُ الغابة (vanaspati)؛ والسنةُ ومعها الفصولُ في ركابها—كلُّ ذلك مولودٌ من البْرَهْمَتْشَارِين (brahmacārin: الطالبُ الناذر).

Word by Word

• ओषधयः: herbs, medicinal plants
• ओषधयः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओषधि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• भूत: past (what has been)
• भूत: विशेषण (कर्मधारय-पूर्वपद)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: भू (धातु) → भूत (कृदन्त/भूतकालिक कृदन्त, PPP)

• भव्यम्: future (what will be)
• भव्यम्: विशेषण (कर्मधारय-पूर्वपद)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: भू (धातु) → भव्यम् (भव्य- प्रातिपदिक; भविष्यत्-अर्थे)

• अहोरात्रे: in day-and-night; in the cycle of day and night
• अहोरात्रे: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun (dual compound)
• Root: अहोरात्र- (समास: अहस् + रात्रि)

• वनस्पतिः: the lord of the forest; tree/plant (as a class)
• वनस्पतिः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: वनस्पति- (प्रातिपदिक)

• संवत्सरः: the year
• संवत्सरः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवत्सर- (प्रातिपदिक)

• सह: together with
• सह: सहकारक/सम्बन्ध (सहयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)

• ऋतुभिः: with the seasons
• ऋतुभिः: करण (सहयोग-तृतीया)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋतु- (प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: they
• ते: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम)

• जाताः: born; arisen
• जाताः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: जन् (धातु) → जात (कृदन्त/भूतकालिक कृदन्त, PPP)

• ब्रह्मचारिणः: brahmacārins; students observing sacred discipline
• ब्रह्मचारिणः: कर्तृ (समानााधिकरणम् ‘ते जाताः’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मचारिन्- (प्रातिपदिक; समास: ब्रह्म + चारिन्)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (AV 11.5 brahmacarya cycle)

Devata: Brahmacārin/Brahmacarya as cosmic generator; also Oṣadhis/Vanaspati as invoked powers

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"adbhuta","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"Wonder at cosmic generation → calm assurance that remedies and time are grounded in sacred discipline.","listener_experience":"Awe that the vowed life ‘gives birth’ to nature’s healing order; steady trust in regimen.","intensity":5}