Varaha Purana 83.6 — Adhyaya 83, Shloka 6
Description of the Bhadrāśva and Ketumāla Regions: Niṣadha’s Western Janapadas and River Systems
तद्यथा सौरग्रामात्तसांतपो कृतसुराश्रवण कम्बलमाहेयाचलकूटवासमूलतपक्रौञ्चकृष्णाङ्गमणिपङ्कजचूडमलसोमीयसमुद्रान्तक कुरकुञ्चसुवर्णः तटकुह श्वेताङ्गकृष्णपाटविदकपिलकर्णिकमहिषकुब्जकरनाटमहोट्कटशुकनासगजभूमककुरञ्जन मनाहकिकिङ्किसपार्णभौमकचोरकधूमजन्म अङ्गारजातिवनजीवलौकिलवाचां सहाङ्गमधुरेयशुकेचकेयश्रवणमत्त कासिकगोदावामकुलपञ्जावर्ज्जहमोदशालक एते जनपदास्तत्पर्वतोत्था नदीः पिबन्ति।
tad yathā sauragrāmāttasāṁtapo kṛtasurāśravaṇa kambalamāheyācalakūṭavāsamūlatapakrauñcakṛṣṇāṅgamaṇipaṅkajacūḍamalasomīyasamudrāntaka kurakuñcasuvarṇaḥ taṭakuha śvetāṅgakṛṣṇapāṭavidakapilakarṇikamahiṣakubjakaranāṭamahotkaṭaśukanāsagajabhūmakakurañjana manāhakikiṅkisapārṇabhaumakachorakadhūmajanma aṅgārajātivanajīvalaukilavācāṁ sahāṅgamadhureyaśukecake yaśravaṇamatta kāsikagodāvāmakulapañjāvarjjahamodaśālaka ete janapadās tat-parvatotthā nadīḥ pibanti
即：娑乌罗伽罗摩（Sauragrāma）、阿多娑三多波（Attasāṁtapa）、克利多苏罗阿湿罗伐那（Kṛtasurāśravaṇa）、甘婆罗（Kambala）、摩诃耶（Māheya）、阿遮罗库吒婆娑（Acalakūṭavāsa）、牟罗多波（Mūlatapa）、拘阑遮（Krauñca）、黑肢宝（Kṛṣṇāṅgamaṇi）、莲冠（Paṅkajacūḍa）、摩罗娑弥耶（Malasomīya）、海际尽（Samudrāntaka）、俱罗俱阑遮（Kurakuñca）、苏伐尔那（Suvarṇa）、岸窟（Taṭakuha）、白肢（Śvetāṅga）、黑帛（Kṛṣṇapāṭa）、毗陀迦（Vidaka）、迦毗罗耳饰（Kapilakarṇika）、摩醯沙曲背（Mahiṣakubja）、羯那吒（Karṇāṭa）、大峻猛（Mahotkaṭa）、鹦鼻（Śukanāsa）、象地（Gajabhūmaka）、俱兰阇那（Kurañjana）、摩那诃迦（Manāhaka）、金吉娑（Kiṅkisa）、帕尔那（Pārṇa）、婆乌摩迦（Bhaumaka）、乔罗迦（Choraka）、烟生（Dhūmajanma）、炭族（Aṅgārajāti）、林居（Vanajīva）、俗语之地（Laukilavācāṁ）、萨诃昂伽（Sahāṅga）、摩度利耶（Madhureya）、舒迦切迦（Śukecake）、闻名而醉（Yaśravaṇamatta）、迦尸迦（Kāsika）、瞿陀婆摩（Godāvāma）、库罗旁阇（Kulapañjā）、瓦尔阇诃（Varjjaha）、摩陀沙罗迦（Modaśālaka）——这些国土饮用从那些山岳发源的诸河之水。
Rudra
Varaha Avatara Context: {"is_varaha_focus":false}
Bhu Devi Dialogue: {"is_dialogue":false,"speaker_role":"instructor"}
Mathura Mandala: {"is_mathura_related":false}
Dharma Shastra: {"has_dharma_rule":false}
Vrata Mahatmya: {"has_vrata":false}
Cosmic Boar Symbolism: {"has_symbolism":false}
Philosophical Teaching: {"has_teaching":true,"teaching_type":"cosmological ecology","core_concept":"Human settlement and identity are dependent on mountain sources and river systems; geography is read through watersheds.","practical_application":"Read Purāṇic lists as watershed-maps: correlate place-identity with river dependence; treat water as the sustaining dhāraṇā of civilization."}
Subject Matter: ["Geography","Heritage Sites","Ancient Toponymy","Hydrology"]
Primary Rasa: adbhuta
Secondary Rasa: śānta
Type: janapada network tied to mountain watersheds
Related Themes: Varāha Purāṇa 83.7 (principal rivers list); Varāha Purāṇa 83.8 (minor rivers in thousands)
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A sweeping, almost cartographic panorama: many named countries arranged around mountains, with rivers flowing outward and being ‘drunk’ by the lands.","item_prompts":["central mountain range","radiating rivers","clusters of labeled janapadas","Rudra narrating from a vantage point","stylized watercourses"],"kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: broad horizontal composition with a central mountain, rivers as bold blue bands; janapada labels as decorative cartouches; Rudra at one side teaching.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore style: segmented panels—mountain in the center with gold highlights; rivers in embossed gold-blue; small medallions for each janapada name.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore style: delicate landscape with fine river lines; muted earth tones; calligraphic labels; Rudra in classical posture indicating the watershed.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari style: lyrical hills and streams; many small village/land vignettes with labels; cool palette and rhythmic river curves."}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"majestic listing, steady","suggested_raga":"Mālkauns (for depth) or Bhairav (for solemnity)","pace":"medium-slow (to articulate names)","voice_tone":"sonorous, careful diction"}
FAQs
Long toponym lists are crucial for philological cataloguing and for comparing how different Purāṇas preserve, transform, or regionalize place-name traditions.
The verse lists many janapada names in a cosmographic register; most are not securely identifiable with modern locations without cross-textual comparison and regional epigraphic/vernacular evidence.
Implicitly, it frames river-systems as foundational to habitation and cultural identity—an archival cue for environmental and settlement-history themes rather than a prescriptive ethic.
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