मित्रध्रुग्ब्रह्महा गोघ्नः परदारापहारकः । मातृहा पितृहा चैव ब्रह्मस्वापहरस्तथा
mitradhrugbrahmahā goghnaḥ paradārāpahārakaḥ | mātṛhā pitṛhā caiva brahmasvāpaharastathā
背叛友人者、杀害婆罗门者、屠牛者、掳夺他人妻者;弑母者、弑父者,以及盗取婆罗门财物者——
Sūta (deduced; list of mahāpātakas within the Dvārakā māhātmya argument)
Scene: A stark moral tableau: shadowy figures representing different grave sins stand burdened by heavy chains; in the distance, the luminous outline of Dvārakā’s temple suggests a path from guilt to purification.
The text underscores the gravity of major sins (mahāpātakas) to highlight the extraordinary power of sacred purification taught next.
Implicitly Dvārakā (the surrounding verses connect these sins to purification through Kṛṣṇa’s darśana there).
None explicitly; the verse enumerates grave transgressions as a doctrinal setup.