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Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 34

Devanagari script

अहो कष्टमिदं कूक्तं तीर्थराजेन मोहतः । सन्तोऽपि न गुणा वाच्याः स्वयं सद्भिः स्वका यतः

Transliteration

aho kaṣṭamidaṃ kūktaṃ tīrtharājena mohataḥ | santo'pi na guṇā vācyāḥ svayaṃ sadbhiḥ svakā yataḥ

Translation

唉！此言何其凄苦，竟由“诸圣地（tīrtha）之王”在迷妄中说出。因为即便真有德行，善人也不自夸其德；那本是自身之分。

Word by Word
अहोalas/oh
अहो:
Sambandha (Interjection/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विस्मय/खेदसूचक निपात (interjection)
कष्टम्a hardship/terrible thing
कष्टम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन — Neuter, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन — Neuter, Nominative, Singular; विशेषणम् (कष्टम्)
कूक्तम्ill-spoken
कूक्तम्:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकु + √वच् (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — ‘badly spoken/ill-said’ (agreeing with कष्टम्/इदम्)
तीर्थ-राजेनby the king of tīrthas
तीर्थ-राजेन:
Karana (Agent in passive/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootतीर्थ (प्रातिपदिक) + राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन — Masculine, Instrumental, Singular
मोहतःout of delusion
मोहतः:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootमोह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन — Masculine, Ablative, Singular; हेतौ पञ्चमी (ablative of cause)
सन्तःgood people/being virtuous
सन्तः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√अस् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle) ‘being’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Plural
अपिeven/although
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (even/although)
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Negation/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध-निपात
गुणाःqualities/merits
गुणाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Plural
वाच्याःshould be spoken
वाच्याः:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formतव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive/obligation); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — ‘to be spoken/should be spoken’
स्वयम्by oneself
स्वयम्:
Kriya-viseshana (Adverb/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; आत्मवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (by oneself)
सद्भिःby the good (people)
सद्भिः:
Karana (Agent/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootसत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन — Masculine, Instrumental, Plural
स्वकाःone’s own
स्वकाः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Plural; विधेय-विशेषणम् (गुणाः)
यतःbecause
यतः:
Hetu (Reason/हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; हेत्वर्थक (because/since)
Speaker

Dharma (Dharma-deva)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Dharma addresses the assembly with a composed yet firm expression, gently chastising the tīrtha-rāja for deluded self-praise; the tīrtha-rāja appears chastened, the assembly attentive.

Characters & Entities
D
Dharma
T
Tīrtharāja

FAQs

Self-praise is a mark of delusion; true goodness is modest and does not advertise itself.

A tīrtha identified as “Tīrtharāja” is discussed, in the context of how pride can diminish a place’s renown.

No ritual is prescribed; the verse teaches ethical restraint in speech, especially regarding one’s own merit.

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