Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 45

Devanagari script

जघान तेषां संक्रुद्धः कोटिकोटिं जनार्दनः । ततस्ते सहसा भूत्वा न्यपतन्केशवोपरि

Transliteration

jaghāna teṣāṃ saṃkruddhaḥ koṭikoṭiṃ janārdanaḥ | tataste sahasā bhūtvā nyapatankeśavopari

Translation

阇那尔达那怒起，击倒他们亿万成群。随即那些魔众骤然聚拢，纵身扑落在凯沙瓦身上。

Word by Word

• jaghāna: slew, struck down
• jaghāna: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: han (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (Possessor/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural

• saṃkruddhaḥ: enraged
• saṃkruddhaḥ: Karta (Subject qualifier/कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃ-krudh (धातु) → saṃkruddha (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP used adjectivally), पुंलिङ्ग, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; जनार्दन-विशेषण

• koṭikoṭim: crores upon crores (a vast number)
• koṭikoṭim: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: koṭi + koṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास (कोटिश्च कोटिश्च), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; संख्या-परिमाण (idiomatically ‘crores upon crores’)

• janārdanaḥ: Janārdana
• janārdanaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: janārdana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (Context/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): ‘then/thereupon’

• te: they
• te: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural

• sahasā: suddenly
• sahasā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Manner/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): ‘suddenly/violently’

• bhūtvā: having become
• bhūtvā: Pūrvakāla (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘having become/being’

• nyapatan: fell down, rushed down
• nyapatan: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-pat (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपद, 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural

• keśava-upari: upon Keśava
• keśava-upari: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: keśava (प्रातिपदिक) + upari (अव्यय)
• Form: उपपद-सम्बन्ध: upari (अव्यय, preposition) with Genitive/compound; here as keśavopari = ‘upon Keśava’

Speaker

Sūta (Lomaharṣaṇa) narrating to the sages (deduced)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Janārdana, blazing with anger, fells innumerable dānavas; the survivors suddenly coalesce and hurl themselves bodily upon Keśava in a desperate mass attack.

Characters & Entities

• Janārdana (Viṣṇu)
• Keśava (Viṣṇu)
• Dānavas/Daityas

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Even when evil masses together, dharma’s guardian remains unconquered; numbers do not substitute for righteousness.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No site is glorified in this verse.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

None.