Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 18

Devanagari script

अनूरुत्वादनूरुर्योरुणः क्रोधारुणो यतः । वाराणस्यां तपस्तप्त्वा तेनाराधि दिवाकरः

Transliteration

anūrutvādanūruryoruṇaḥ krodhāruṇo yataḥ | vārāṇasyāṃ tapastaptvā tenārādhi divākaraḥ

Translation

因其“无股”(anūru)，遂被称为阿鲁那，因忿怒而赤红。于婆罗那西修苦行，由此令天光者迪瓦迦罗——太阳神——欢喜。

Word by Word

• anūrutvāt: because of thighlessness
• anūrutvāt: Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anūru-tva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; नञ्-तत्पुरुष + त्व-प्रत्यय (state of being thighless)

• anūruḥ: Anūru (name)
• anūruḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anūru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• yoḥ: of whom (two)
• yoḥ: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (यद्-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive) द्विवचन; सर्वनाम

• aruṇaḥ: Aruṇa
• aruṇaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aruṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• krodhāruṇaḥ: reddened by anger
• krodhāruṇaḥ: Kriya-visheshaṇa (Adjectival predicate/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: krodha (प्रातिपदिक) + aruṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (krodhena aruṇaḥ = reddish due to anger)

• yataḥ: because / since
• yataḥ: Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yad (यद्-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; यतः (causal/relative indeclinable) = ‘because/for which reason’

• vārāṇasyām: in Vārāṇasī
• vārāṇasyām: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vārāṇasī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• tapaḥ: austerity
• tapaḥ: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tapas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• taptvā: having performed (austerity)
• taptvā: Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tap (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव

• tena: by that / thereby
• tena: Karaṇa/Hetu (Instrument/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (तद्-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• ārādhi: (he) propitiated / pleased
• ārādhi: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: rādh (धातु)
• Form: लुङ् (Aorist), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; उपसर्ग-आ (ā-rādh)

• divākaraḥ: the Sun
• divākaraḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: divākara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

Speaker

Skanda (deduced: Kāśīkhaṇḍa dialogue style, Skanda to Agastya)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Aruṇāditya (Kāśī)

Type: kshetra

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Muni

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Aruṇa, marked by incompleteness (‘thighless’) and reddened with intense resolve, performs austerities in Kāśī; the Sun is invoked and becomes pleased.

Characters & Entities

• Aruṇa
• Divākara (Sūrya)
• Vārāṇasī

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Austerity performed in Kāśī bears swift spiritual fruit and can win the grace of powerful deities like Sūrya.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) is highlighted as the place where Aruṇa’s tapas leads to divine favor.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Tapas (austerity) in Vārāṇasī and propitiation of Sūrya (Divākara) are indicated.