Shiva Purana — Vayaviya Samhita, Shloka 25

पशुपाशपतिज्ञान-प्राप्तिः

Acquisition of Paśupati–Pāśa Knowledge

Devanagari script

वायुरुवाच । कला विद्या च रागश्च कालो नियतिरेव च । कलादयस्समाख्याता यो भोक्ता पुरुषो भवेत्

Transliteration

vāyuruvāca | kalā vidyā ca rāgaśca kālo niyatireva ca | kalādayassamākhyātā yo bhoktā puruṣo bhavet

Translation

风神（Vāyu）说道：“卡拉（kalā，有限的能动）、维迪亚（vidyā，有限的知）、罗伽（rāga，执著）、迦罗（kāla，时间）与尼耶底（niyati，必然/约束）——这些合称为‘kalā等’。以受用者之身体验它们的，就是补卢沙（puruṣa，个体之我）。”

Word by Word

• वायुः: Vāyu
• वायुः: कर्ता (Speaker/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वायु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: क्रिया (Main verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• कला: kalā (power/part)
• कला: कर्ता (Member of list/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कला (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• विद्या: knowledge
• विद्या: कर्ता (Member of list/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विद्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• रागः: attachment/passion
• रागः: कर्ता (Member of list/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• कालः: time
• कालः: कर्ता (Member of list/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• नियतिः: destiny/necessity
• नियतिः: कर्ता (Member of list/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नियति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• एव: indeed
• एव: सम्बन्ध (Particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-निपात

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• कला-आदयः: kalā and the rest (these categories)
• कला-आदयः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कला (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष ‘कलादयः’ = ‘कलाः आदयः (समूहः)’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• समाख्याताः: are designated/called
• समाख्याताः: क्रिया (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-ख्या (धातु) → समाख्यात (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, क्त/PPP)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘are called/are designated’

• यः: who
• यः: कर्ता (Subject of भवेत्/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धक (relative pronoun)

• भोक्ता: enjoyer
• भोक्ता: प्रधाना/कर्ता (Apposition to यः/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुज् (धातु) → भोक्तृ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, तृच् agent noun)
• Form: तृच्-प्रत्ययान्त कर्तृवाचक कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• पुरुषः: person (puruṣa)
• पुरुषः: प्रधाना/कर्ता (Apposition/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• भवेत्: would be / is (to be understood)
• भवेत्: क्रिया (Main verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Speaker

Vayu

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Sadāśiva

Characters & Entities

• Vayu

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It defines the bound soul (puruṣa/pāśu) as the experiencer of limiting factors—agency, knowledge, desire, time, and necessity—pointing to bondage (pāśa) that is transcended only by Shiva’s grace and right knowledge.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Linga/Saguna Shiva worship is presented as a practical means to purify rāga and loosen the grip of kāla-niyati through devotion, discipline, and Shiva’s anugraha (grace), leading the bound experiencer toward recognition of Pati (Shiva) as the liberator.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

A focused sādhana is to reduce rāga through japa of the Panchākṣarī (“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) and steady dhyāna on Shiva, supported by Shaiva disciplines like bhasma (tripuṇḍra) and Rudrākṣa as aids to remembrance and restraint.