Rig Veda 9.14.4: Mandala 9, Sukta 14, Mantra 4

Sukta 9.14

Devata: Soma Pavamāna

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

निरिणानो वि धावति जहच्छर्याणि तान्वा । अत्रा सं जिघ्नते युजा ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 9.14.4

Transliteration

nir iṇānáḥ ví dhāvati jáhac charyā́ṇi tā́nvā | átrā sáṃ jighnate yujā́ ||

Translation

既已抛却不净，他奔流而出，分作多途；舍下身躯那陈旧的覆裹。于此，诸被轭之力同击（障碍），而赢得通行之路。

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Word by Word

• निरिणानः: impelling himself / being set in motion
• निरिणानः: कर्तृ (agent; describing the subject सोमः)
• Type: Verb-derived participle (adjectival)
• Root: नि + √री (रीणाति/रिणाति ‘to set in motion, impel, drive’) → रिणान (प्र. कृदन्त)

• वि: apart, forth, widely
• वि: क्रियाविशेषण (modifies धावति)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• धावति: rushes / runs / flows
• धावति: मुख्यक्रिया (of the subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धाव् (धावति) ‘to run, rush, flow’

• जहत्: leaving / abandoning
• जहत्: कर्मविशेषण (qualifies the object छर्याणि)
• Type: Verb-derived participle
• Root: √हा (जहाति) ‘to leave, abandon’ → जहत् (शतृ)

• छर्याणि: hindrances / impurities
• छर्याणि: कर्म (object of the action ‘leaving’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: छर्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘hindrances/impurities’, esp. in Soma context)

• तान्वा: with (his) body / by himself
• तान्वा: करण/सहायक-भाव (instrument/means: ‘with/through his body, by himself’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तनू (तन्व्) ‘body, self’ (RV form: तन्वा = instr. sg.)

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: अधिकरण (locative sense: ‘here’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)

• सं: together, completely
• सं: क्रियाविशेषण (modifies जिघ्नते)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्/सं (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• जिघ्नते: strikes down / smites
• जिघ्नते: मुख्यक्रिया (of the subject सोमः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हन् (हन्ति) ‘to strike, slay’ (reduplicated present: जिघ्न-)

• युजा: with the yoke / with the team (i.e., with harnessed power)
• युजा: करण (instrument/means: ‘with the yoke/team/means’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युज् (प्रातिपदिक ‘yoke, team’; also ‘companion/means’) → युजा (instr. sg.)