Rig Veda 4.3.12: Mandala 4, Sukta 3, Mantra 12
Sukta 4.3
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (attributed for RV 4.3)
Devata: Agni (with Āpaḥ as associated divine powers)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋतेन देवीरमृता अमृक्ता अर्णोभिरापो मधुमद्भिरग्ने । वाजी न सर्गेषु प्रस्तुभानः प्र सदमित्स्रवितवे दधन्युः ॥
Transliteration
ṛténa devī́r amṛ́tā amṛ́ktā árṇo-bhir ā́po mádhu-madbhir agne | vājī́ ná sárgeṣu pra-stubhānáḥ prá sádám ít srávitave dadhanyúḥ ||
Translation
凭藉ṛta（宇宙正法、秩序），诸神圣之水——不死而不与杂染——以甘蜜之流而行，噢阿耆尼。她们如战马于奔突之势中高鸣，恒常向前推进，为了涌流而不断倾注。
Word by Word
ऋतेनby/with ṛta (cosmic order, truth)
ऋतेन:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऋ (गति/ऋ-धातु; ‘ऋत’ = cosmic order, truth)
देवीःthe goddesses
देवीः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootदेवी (प्रातिपदिक) < देव (divine)
अमृताःimmortal
अमृताः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootअमृत (प्रातिपदिक) = a-mṛta ‘not mortal’
अमृक्ताःunsoiled, pure
अमृक्ताः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootअमृक्त (प्रातिपदिक) < √मृज्/मृक्ष् (मार्जने/शोधने) + नञ्; ‘unsoiled, untainted’
अर्णोभिःwith floods/waves
अर्णोभिः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootअर्णस्/अर्ण (प्रातिपदिक) ‘flood, wave, stream’
आपःthe waters
आपः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootआप् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘waters’
मधुमद्भिःwith honeyed/sweet (streams)
मधुमद्भिः:
करण
TypeAdjective
Rootमधुमत् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘honey-sweet, having honey’
अग्नेO Agni
अग्ने:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
वाजीthe prize-winner / the swift one
वाजी:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवाजिन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘swift/strong; prize-winning’
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
सर्गेषुin the rushes/onslaughts
सर्गेषु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ग (प्रातिपदिक) < √सृज् (सर्जने) ‘sending forth, rush, onset’
प्रस्तुभानःchanting forth (praise)
प्रस्तुभानः:
कर्तृ
TypeParticiple
Rootप्र-स्तुभ् (धातु) ‘to chant forth, to praise aloud’ → वर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ/शानच्)
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
सदम्always
सदम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदम् (अव्यय) ‘always, continually’
इत्indeed
इत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइत् (अव्यय/निपात) ‘indeed, just’
स्रवितवेto flow, to stream
स्रवितवे:
प्रयोजन (उद्देश्य)
TypeVerbal noun (Infinitive)
Root√स्रु (स्रवणे ‘to flow’) → तुमुन्/तवेन्-प्रत्ययान्त infinitive
दधन्युःthey set/placed (themselves) / they put forth
दधन्युः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√धा (धारणे/स्थापने) ; Vedic injunctive/aorist-type form
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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