Rig Veda 1.178.3 — Mandala 1, Sukta 178, Mantra 3
Sukta 1.178
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; requires metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
जेता नृभिरिन्द्रः पृत्सु शूरः श्रोता हवं नाधमानस्य कारोः । प्रभर्ता रथं दाशुष उपाक उद्यन्ता गिरो यदि च त्मना भूत् ॥
Transliteration
jétā nṛ́bhir índraḥ pṛtsú śū́raḥ śrótā hávaṃ nā́dhamānasya kāróḥ | prá-bhartā ráthaṃ dā́śuṣa upāká udyántā gíro yádi ca tmánā bhū́t ||
Translation
因陀罗，勇士，在人与人的战阵中为胜者；他聆听奋勉歌者的呼唤。对那近在身旁、施与供献者，他使战车前出；当颂词上腾之时，若他凭自身之力而成就。
Word by Word
जेताthe conqueror
जेता:
Kartā
TypeNoun (agent) / Epithet
Rootजि (धातु) → जेतृ (प्रातिपदिक) / √जि
नृभिःwith/through men (heroes)
नृभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootनृ (प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Kartā
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
पृत्सुin battles
पृत्सु:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootपृत्/पृत्स् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘battle, fight’
शूरःthe hero
शूरः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootशूर (प्रातिपदिक)
श्रोताthe hearer (listener)
श्रोता:
Kartā
TypeNoun (agent) / Epithet
Root√श्रु (धातु) → श्रोतृ (प्रातिपदिक)
हवम्the invocation
हवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहव (प्रातिपदिक) ‘call, invocation’
नाधमानस्यof the imploring (suppliant)
नाधमानस्य:
Sambandha (genitive)
TypeAdjective/Participle (genitive dependent)
Rootनाधमान (प्रातिपदिक; pres. participial stem from √नाध/√नन्ध? in RV sense ‘to cry/implore, be in need’)
कारोःof the poet/singer
कारोः:
Sambandha (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootकारु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘singer, poet’
प्रभर्ताthe one who brings forth/sets in motion
प्रभर्ता:
Kartā
TypeNoun (agent) / Epithet
Rootप्र-√भृ (धातु) → प्रभर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक) ‘bearer/leader forth’
रथम्the chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
दाशुषःof the giver/worshipper
दाशुषः:
Sambandha (genitive)
TypeNoun/Adjective (donor, worshipper)
Rootदाशुष् (प्रातिपदिक; from √दाश्/√दा ‘to give, worship, offer’)
उपाकnear, close at hand
उपाक:
Kartā (if adjectival to subject) / (otherwise modifier)
TypeAdjective/Indeclinable-like (RV usage)
Rootउपाक (प्रातिपदिक; RV adj. ‘near, at hand’; also used adverbially)
उद्यन्ताthe raiser (who lifts up)
उद्यन्ता:
Kartā
TypeNoun (agent) / Epithet
Rootउद्-√यम् (धातु) → उद्यन्तृ/उद्यन्त (प्रातिपदिक) ‘raiser, one who lifts up’
गिरःsongs/hymns
गिरः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगिर् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘song, hymn, voice’
यदिif/when
यदि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
त्मनाby oneself; with one’s own power
त्मना:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun (instrumental of manner/agency)
Rootत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘self, person’
भूत्became; came to be
भूत्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
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