Shloka 10

मकराक्षवधः

The Slaying of Makarākṣa

Devanagari script

तिष्ठराम मयासार्धंद्वन्द्वयुद्धंददामिते ।त्याजयिष्यामितेप्राणान् धनुर्मुक्सैशशितैश्शरैः ।।।।

Transliteration

tiṣṭha rāma mayā sārdhaṃ dvandvayuddhaṃ dadāmi te |

tyājayiṣyāmi te prāṇān dhanurmuktaiḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ ||

Translation

“站住，罗摩！我与你相约单挑决斗。我要以弓上放出的锐箭夺去你的性命。”

Word by Word

• tiṣṭha: stand/stop
• tiṣṭha: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sthā (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन

• rāma: O Rama
• rāma: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (Vocative), एकवचन

• mayā: by/with me
• mayā: Sahakāraka/Instrument (करण/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन

• sārdham: together/with
• sārdham: Sahārtha (सहार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sārdham (अव्यय)
• Form: सह-अर्थक अव्यय (with/together)

• dvandva-yuddham: single combat/duel
• dvandva-yuddham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvandva + yuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासार्थः: द्वन्द्वरूपं युद्धम् (duel)

• dadāmi: I give/offer
• dadāmi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dā (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन

• te: to you
• te: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: मध्यमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative), एकवचन

• tyājayiṣyāmi: I will cause (you) to give up
• tyājayiṣyāmi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: tyaj (धातु)
• Form: णिच्-प्रयोजक (Causative) + लृट्-लकार (Simple Future), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन

• te: your
• te: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: मध्यमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन

• prāṇān: life-breaths/life
• prāṇān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• dhanur-muktaiḥ: released from (my) bow
• dhanur-muktaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhanus + mukta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषणम्; समासार्थः: धनुषा मुक्तैः (released from the bow)

• śitaiḥ: sharp
• śitaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषणम्

• śaraiḥ: with arrows
• śaraiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

Context

"Rama Stop. Duel will take place with me. I will give you sharpened arrows from my bow and relieve you of your life."

Characters & Entities

• Makarākṣa
• Rāma
• dhanuḥ (bow)
• śara (arrows)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It invokes the kṣātra ideal of open challenge and direct combat (dvandva-yuddha), contrasting with deceitful violence; the dharmic frame values straightforward confrontation.

What is the narrative situation?

Makarākṣa directly calls out Rāma and proposes a duel, threatening to kill him with arrows.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Martial boldness (though ethically misdirected by hostility toward a righteous hero).