Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 21, Shloka 4

सागरप्रतीक्षा-क्रोधप्रादुर्भावः

Rama’s Vigil at the Ocean and the Rise of Wrath

Devanagari script

चन्दनागुरुभिश्चैवपुरस्तादधिवासितम् ।बालसूर्यप्रकाशैश्चन्दनैरुपशोभितम् ।।6.21.4।।

Transliteration

candanāgurubhiś caiva purastād adhivāsitam |

bālasūryaprakāśaiḥ candanair upaśobhitam ||6.21.4||

Translation

先前以檀香与沉香熏染，又以檀香膏装点，光辉如初升之日。

Word by Word

• चन्दनागुरुभिः: with sandalwood and agaru
• चन्दनागुरुभिः: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्दन + अगुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (समाहारद्वन्द्व), तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunction/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चयार्थक-निपात)

• एव: indeed
• एव: निपात (Particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (अवधारण-निपात)

• पुरस्तात्: in front; beforehand
• पुरस्तात्: देश/कालाधिकरण (Adverbial locative sense/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (देश/कालवाचक)

• अधिवासितम्: perfumed/scented
• अधिवासितम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अधि + वास् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय, past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; अर्थः ‘सुगन्धितम्/वासितम्’

• बालसूर्यप्रकाशैः: with the radiance of the rising sun
• बालसूर्यप्रकाशैः: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाल + सूर्य + प्रकाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘बालस्य सूर्यस्य प्रकाशः’

• चन्दनैः: with sandalwood (paste)
• चन्दनैः: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन

• उपशोभितम्: adorned/beautified
• उपशोभितम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप + शुभ् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय, past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; अर्थः ‘सुशोभितम्’

Context

The shoulders that have been adorned with the best of gold, pearl and coral ornaments, were besmeared many times by supreme women.

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The epic’s dharma-frame contrasts prior royal ease with the coming austerity of duty; it reminds readers that worldly refinement is secondary when righteousness demands action.

What is the narrative situation?

Continuing the descriptive portrait of Rāma’s shoulders/arms, recalling their former adornment.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Self-mastery implied by contrast: despite past luxury, Rāma is moving toward disciplined resolve.