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Shloka 2

युद्धकाण्डे द्वितीयः सर्गः — Sugriva’s Counsel: From Grief to Strategy

Bridge to Lanka

किंत्वंसन्तप्यसेवीर यथान्यःप्राकृतस्तथा ।मैवंभूस्त्यजसन्तापंकृतघ्नइवसौहृदम् ।।।।

kiṃ tvaṃ santapyase vīra yathānyaḥ prākṛtas tathā |

maivaṃ bhūḥ tyaja santāpaṃ kṛtaghna iva sauhṛdam ||

勇士啊,你为何如凡夫一般为忧苦所灼?莫要如此——当舍此哀恸,如忘恩之人弃绝友谊。

kimwhy
kim:
Hetu-prashna (हेतु-प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
FormInterrogative particle used adverbially (प्रश्न-निपात)
tvamyou
tvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
santapyasegrieve / burn with sorrow
santapyase:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-√tap (धातु; तप्)
FormPresent (लट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular, Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)
vīraO hero
vīra:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootvīra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (सम्बोधन), Singular
yathāas
yathā:
Upamāna-bodhaka (उपमानबोधक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormComparative conjunction (यथा)
anyaḥanother person
anyaḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
prākṛtaḥordinary
prākṛtaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootprākṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; qualifies anyaḥ
tathāso / in that way
tathā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
FormCorrelative adverb (तथा)
do not
:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootmā (अव्यय)
FormProhibitive particle (निषेध) used with imperative/optative
evamthus
evam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevam (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
bhūḥbe
bhūḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (धातु; भू)
FormImperative (लोट्), 2nd person, Singular, Parasmaipada; with mā = prohibition
tyajaabandon
tyaja:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√tyaj (धातु; त्यज्)
FormImperative (लोट्), 2nd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
santāpamgrief
santāpam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsantāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
kṛtaghnaḥan ungrateful person
kṛtaghnaḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛtaghna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; used in simile
ivalike
iva:
Upamādyotaka (उपमाद्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormSimile particle (उपमा-निपात)
sauhṛdamfriendship
sauhṛdam:
Karma (कर्म) (object of implied 'abandon')
TypeNoun
Rootsauhṛda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

"Heroic Rama! Why are you grieving like a common man? Give up your grief just like an ungrateful one gives up friendship."

R
Rāma (implied)
G
Grief (Santāpa/Śoka)

FAQs

Dharma asks the hero-leader to rise above debilitating grief; personal pain must be mastered so righteous duty and protection of others remain intact.

At the outset of the Laṅkā campaign, Rāma is urged to abandon despondency and return to decisive action.

Dhṛti (steadfastness): the ability to hold firm to purpose without being consumed by sorrow.