Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 9, Shloka 73

पुष्पकविमानवर्णनम्

Description of the Pushpaka Vimana and Ravana’s Inner Palace

Devanagari script

पुनश्च सोऽचिन्तयादात्तरूपो ध्रुवं विशिष्टा गुणतो हि सीता।अथायमस्यां कृतवान्महात्मा लङ्केश्वरः कष्टमनार्यकर्म।।5.9.73।।

Transliteration

punaś ca so 'cintayad āttarūpo dhruvaṃ viśiṣṭā guṇato hi sītā |

athāyam asyāṃ kṛtavān mahātmā laṅkeśvaraḥ kaṣṭam anāryakarma ||5.9.73||

Translation

随后他复归本相，沉思道：“西多确以德行卓绝，超越众人。唉，楞迦之主竟对她行下沉重而不义、非圣贤所为之事。”

Word by Word

• punaḥ: again
• punaḥ: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: काल/पुनरावृत्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (adverb: 'again')

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• acintayat: thought
• acintayat: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √cint (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ātta-rūpaḥ: having assumed (his) form
• ātta-rūpaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ātta (कृदन्त, √dā/√ā-dā) + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (āttaṃ rūpaṃ yasya); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (of saḥ)

• dhruvam: surely
• dhruvam: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dhruva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: निश्चयार्थक-अव्ययवत् प्रयोग (accusative used adverbially: 'surely')

• viśiṣṭā: distinguished
• viśiṣṭā: Karta (कर्ता/subject complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: viśiṣṭa (कृदन्त, √śiṣ with vi-)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (of sītā)

• guṇataḥ: by (her) virtues
• guṇataḥ: Hetu (हेतु/cause-respect)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb): 'in respect of qualities/from qualities'

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• sītā: Sita
• sītā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sītā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• atha: then/now
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अनन्तरार्थक-अव्यय (then/now)

• ayam: this (man)
• ayam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• asyām: in her (case)
• asyām: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/in her case)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• kṛtavān: has done/did
• kṛtavān: Kriya (क्रिया/predicate with agent)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: क्तवतुँ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (perfect participle/agentive past); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोगः

• mahātmā: great-souled
• mahātmā: Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणरूपेण (epithet of laṅkeśvaraḥ)

• laṅkeśvaraḥ: lord of Lanka
• laṅkeśvaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: laṅkā (प्रातिपदिक) + īśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (laṅkāyāḥ īśvaraḥ); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• kaṣṭam: alas; a grievous thing
• kaṣṭam: Karma (कर्म/object; exclamatory)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kaṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्म/विस्मयार्थक प्रयोग (alas!)

• anārya-karma: an ignoble act
• anārya-karma: Karma (कर्म/object complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anārya (प्रातिपदिक) + karma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'kaṣṭam' इत्यस्य विशेषण/समनाधिकरण

Context

Having heard Hanuman's words, full of love, Rama replied.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Sītā
• Laṅkeśvara (Rāvaṇa)
• Laṅkā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse explicitly condemns adharma: abducting a virtuous, lawful wife is an anārya act. Dharma is aligned with restraint, respect for marriage, and protection of the innocent.

What is the narrative situation?

Near the close of the sarga, Hanumān concludes that Sītā is morally superior to the palace women and laments Rāvaṇa’s ignoble wrongdoing.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral judgment grounded in truth: Hanumān recognizes virtue (guṇa) and names wrongdoing as wrongdoing without confusion.