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Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 10, Shloka 12

रावणान्तःपुरे शयनदर्शनम्

Hanumān Observes Rāvaṇa’s Inner Apartments and Sleeping Court

निःश्वसन्तं यथा नागं रावणं वानरर्षभः।आसाद्य परमोद्विग्नस्सोपासर्पत्सुभीतवत्।।।।

niḥśvasantaṃ yathā nāgaṃ rāvaṇaṃ vānararṣabhaḥ |

āsādya paramodvignaḥ sopāsarpat subhītavat ||

他逼近那如蛇般喘息的罗波那时,群猴之雄顿时极度惊惶不安,随即退却,仿佛被突如其来的恐惧击中。

निःश्वसन्तम्breathing heavily
निःश्वसन्तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिḥ-श्वस् (धातु)→निःश्वसन्त् (कृदन्त)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (of रावणम्)
यथाlike/as
यथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formउपमा/प्रकार-अव्यय (comparative adverb)
नागम्a serpent/elephant (here: serpent)
नागम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootनाग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; उपमान (standard of comparison)
रावणम्Rāvaṇa
रावणम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootरावण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म
वानर-ऋषभःthe bull among monkeys
वानर-ऋषभः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवानर (प्रातिपदिक) + ऋषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास: वानराणां ऋषभः; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्ता
आसाद्यhaving approached
आसाद्य:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√सद्/आ-√साद् (धातु)
Formल्यप्/क्त्वा-समकक्ष अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund): ‘having reached/approached’
परम-उद्विग्नःgreatly agitated/terrified
परम-उद्विग्नः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम (प्रातिपदिक) + उद्विग्न (कृदन्त; उद्-√विज्)
Formकर्मधारय: परमः उद्विग्नः; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (of वानरर्षभः)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्ता-सम्बन्धी
उपासर्पत्crept/withdrew
उपासर्पत्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√सृप् (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (Imperfect/लङ्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
सुभीतवत्like one extremely afraid
सुभीतवत्:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसुभीतवत् (प्रातिपदिक; -वत् प्रत्यय)
Formवत्-प्रत्ययान्त उपमा-अव्यय (adverbial ‘like one who...’)

Having reached Ravana, who was breathing (hissing) like a snake, Hanuman was for a moment frightened and drew away from him as if he was put to terrible fear.

H
Hanumān
R
Rāvaṇa
S
serpent (nāga) (simile)

FAQs

Dharma includes prudent restraint: even the brave acknowledge danger and regulate action. Hanumān’s momentary withdrawal is not cowardice but strategic self-governance.

At very close range to the sleeping Rāvaṇa, Hanumān senses the threat (his hissing breath) and instinctively steps back.

Prudence joined to courage—Hanumān manages fear and avoids rash engagement that could imperil the mission.