Shloka 46

मैत्रीप्रतिज्ञा-वैरकारणप्रश्नः

Friendship Vow and Inquiry into the Cause of Enmity

Devanagari script

ततः प्रहृष्टवदनस्सुग्रीवो लक्ष्मणाग्रजे।वैरस्य कारणं तत्त्वमाख्यातुमुपचक्रमे।।

Transliteration

tataḥ prahṛṣṭa-vadanaḥ sugrīvo lakṣmaṇāgraje |

vairasya kāraṇaṁ tattvam ākhyātum upacakrame ||

Translation

随后，苏格利瓦面露欢喜之光，开始向罗摩——拉克什曼那的兄长——陈述实情，讲明结怨的真正缘由。

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): ‘then/thereupon’

• प्रहृष्टवदनः: with a delighted face
• प्रहृष्टवदनः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रहृष्ट + वदन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि: ‘one whose face is delighted’

• सुग्रीवः: Sugriva
• सुग्रीवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; subject of ‘उपचक्रमे’

• लक्ष्मणाग्रजे: to Lakshmana's elder brother (Rama)
• लक्ष्मणाग्रजे: Sampradana/Adhikarana (सम्प्रदान/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण + अग्रज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘in/unto the elder brother of Lakshmana’ (i.e., Rama)

• वैरस्य: of enmity
• वैरस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; genitive dependent of ‘कारणम्’

• कारणम्: cause
• कारणम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; object of ‘आख्यातुम्’

• तत्त्वम्: truth/facts
• तत्त्वम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; apposition to ‘कारणम्’: ‘the true facts’

• आख्यातुम्: to narrate
• आख्यातुम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-ख्या (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन् (infinitive), ‘to tell/declare’

• उपचक्रमे: began
• उपचक्रमे: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-क्रम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद: ‘began’

Context

'You will come to know slowly that I am also a friend worthy of you.It is not proper for me to speak of my qualities( flatter myself).

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Rāma (Lakṣmaṇa-agraja)
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Vāli (implied: enmity)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya as a prerequisite for dharmic action: Sugrīva prepares to present the factual grounds so that justice can be pursued rightly.

What is the narrative situation?

Encouraged by Rāma, Sugrīva begins narrating the backstory of his conflict with Vāli.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Truthful disclosure—bringing forward the real cause rather than merely demanding help.