Shloka 28

शरत्प्रवेशे रामविलापः तथा सुग्रीवप्रमादे लक्ष्मणप्रेषणम्

Autumn’s Onset: Rama’s Lament and Lakshmana Sent to Sugriva

Devanagari script

शाखासु सप्तच्छदपादपानांप्रभासु तारार्कनिशाकराणाम्।लीलासु चैवोत्तम वारणानांश्रियं विभज्याद्य शरत्प्रवृत्ता।।

Transliteration

śākhāsu saptacchada-pādapānāṃ

prabhāsu tārārka-niśākarāṇām |

līlāsu caivottama-vāraṇānāṃ

śriyaṃ vibhajya adya śarat pravṛttā ||

Translation

如今秋季已启，分施其庄严之美：在七叶树的枝头，在群星、日与月的光辉中，也在高贵象群的嬉游姿态里。

Word by Word

• शाखासु: on the branches
• शाखासु: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाखा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• सप्तच्छदपादपानाम्: of the saptacchada trees (seven-leaved trees)
• सप्तच्छदपादपानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सप्तच्छद + पादप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (Genitive determinative), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• प्रभासु: in the radiances
• प्रभासु: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• तारा-अर्क-निशाकराणाम्: of the stars, the sun, and the moon
• तारा-अर्क-निशाकराणाम्: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तारा + अर्क + निशाकर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (Copulative), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• लीलासु: in the sports/plays
• लीलासु: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लीला (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (Conjunction)

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: अवधारण (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (Emphatic particle)

• उत्तमवारणानाम्: of the best elephants
• उत्तमवारणानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्तम + वारण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय (Descriptive), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• श्रियम्: splendour/beauty
• श्रियम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• विभज्य: having distributed
• विभज्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyāviśeṣaṇa/Adverbial participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + भज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्यय-भाव (Indeclinable verbal), ‘having divided/distributed’

• अद्य: today/now
• अद्य: कालाधिकरण (Time adjunct)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (Temporal adverb)

• शरत्प्रवृत्ता: autumn has begun/has set in
• शरत्प्रवृत्ता: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरत् + प्रवृत्त (प्रातिपदिक; √वृत्)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (Determinative), ‘शरत्’ उपपद-समास; प्रवृत्त (क्त-प्रत्यय, Past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

Context

'The autumn has set in, manifesting its grace on the branches of saptachada trees(seven-leafed banana plant) through the radiance of stars, Sun and Moon and through the sports of excellent elephants.

Characters & Entities

• autumn (śarat)
• stars (tārā)
• sun (arka/sūrya)
• moon (niśākara)
• elephants (vāraṇa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Ṛtu-dharma (the orderly course of seasons) mirrors moral order: as nature proceeds in due rhythm, humans too must uphold timely commitments and righteous action.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma marks the clear onset of autumn through celestial brightness and animal behaviour, underlining that the monsoon delay is over.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Steadfast awareness (apramāda): noticing time’s turning and refusing to be lulled into inaction.