Shloka 60

वर्षावर्णनम्

The Monsoon Description and Rama’s Counsel on Timing

Devanagari script

अयात्रां चैव दृष्ट्वेमां मार्गांश्च भृशदुर्गमान्।प्रणते चैव सुग्रीवे न मया किञ्चिदीरितम्4.28.60।।

Transliteration

ayātrāṃ caiva dṛṣṭvemāṃ mārgāṃś ca bhṛśa-durgamān | praṇate caiva sugrīve na mayā kiñcid īritam ||

Translation

见行旅已停、道路极其艰险，又见苏格利瓦仍恭敬俯伏，我便一句也未曾说。

Word by Word

• ayātrām: non-departure/suspension of the journey
• ayātrām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ayātrā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa-nipāta

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Kriyā (क्रिया/gerundial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय; अव्ययकृदन्त)

• imām: this
• imām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; demonstrative pronoun qualifying ayātrām

• mārgān: paths/roads
• mārgān: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mārga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta

• bhṛśa-durgamān: very difficult
• bhṛśa-durgamān: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhṛśa (अव्यय) + durgama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyayībhāva (अव्ययीभाव: bhṛśa + durgama = 'very difficult'); Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; qualifies mārgān

• praṇate: when (he) was submissive/bowed
• praṇate: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative circumstance)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: praṇata (कृदन्त; pra√nam (धातु) PPP)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī (7th), Ekavacana; locative absolute with sugrīve: 'when Sugrīva was bowed down/submissive'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa-nipāta

• sugrīve: when Sugrīva
• sugrīve: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative circumstance)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; in locative absolute with praṇate

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-nipāta (निषेध/negation)

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Karta (कर्ता/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (common), Tṛtīyā (3rd), Ekavacana; 1st person pronoun

• kiñcit: anything/a little
• kiñcit: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kiñcit (सर्वनाम/अव्ययवत्)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; indefinite pronoun used as object

• īritam: spoken/uttered
• īritam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa/Predicative (विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: īrita (कृदन्त; √īr (धातु) PPP)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; passive predicate: 'was spoken'

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes measured speech: when circumstances constrain action and an ally remains respectful, restraint and patience protect truth (satya) and relationship.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma explains why he did not press Sugrīva during the monsoon—movement was impractical, and Sugrīva’s allegiance appeared intact.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Forbearance and diplomatic prudence: Rāma delays reproach, choosing the right time to speak and act.