Shloka 3

राज्ञः शङ्का

प्रत्याख्यानम् (Daśaratha’s Objections to Sending Rāma) — Bala Kanda, Sarga 20

Devanagari script

इयमक्षौहिणी पूर्णा यस्याहं पतिरीश्वर:।अनया संवृतो गत्वा योद्धाऽहं तैर्निशाचरै:।।।।

Transliteration

iyam akṣauhiṇī pūrṇā yasyāhaṁ patir īśvaraḥ | anayā saṁvṛto gatvā yoddhā 'haṁ tair niśācaraiḥ ||

Translation

这支完备的“阿叉乌希尼”大军由我为主宰统领；我将被其环卫而出，亲自与那些夜行者交战。

Word by Word

• iyam: this (she/this)
• iyam: Viśeṣya-nirdeśa (विशेष्यनिर्देश/subject-deixis)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (singular)

• akṣauhiṇī: (an) akṣauhiṇī army-division
• akṣauhiṇī: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: akṣauhiṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana

• pūrṇā: complete, full
• pūrṇā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pūrṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of akṣauhiṇī

• yasyāḥ: of which/whose
• yasyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th/षष्ठी), Ekavacana; sambandha (genitive relation)

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; sarvanāma

• patiḥ: lord, master
• patiḥ: Pradhāna-vidheya (विधेय/predicate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masc.), Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; predicate nominative (vidheya)

• īśvaraḥ: ruler, sovereign
• īśvaraḥ: Pradhāna-vidheya (विधेय/predicate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: īśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; apposition to patiḥ

• anayā: with this
• anayā: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/with)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Tṛtīyā (3rd/तृतीया), Ekavacana; karaṇa/sahacāra sense

• saṃvṛtaḥ: accompanied, surrounded
• saṃvṛtaḥ: Karta-guṇa (कर्तृगुण/predicative adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃ-√vṛ (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Bhūta-kṛdanta (past passive participle), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; agrees with aham; meaning ‘accompanied/covered’

• gatvā: having gone
• gatvā: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: √gam (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
• Form: Absolutive/gerund (क्त्वान्त), avyaya; pūrvakāla-kriyā (prior action)

• yoddhā: (as) a fighter, combatant
• yoddhā: Pradhāna-vidheya (विधेय/predicate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: √yudh (धातु) + tṛc (तृच्)
• Form: Agent noun (कर्तृवाचक), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; predicate to aham

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana

• taiḥ: with those
• taiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/with)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā (3rd), Bahuvacana (plural)

• niśācaraiḥ: with the night-rangers (rākṣasas)
• niśācaraiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/with; opponents)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niśācara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā (3rd), Bahuvacana

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Viśvāmitra
• akṣauhiṇī (army)
• niśācara (rākṣasas)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rajadharma: the king presents himself and his forces as instruments to defend righteousness and public sacred acts, offering state power in service of dharma.

What is the narrative situation?

Daśaratha tries to persuade Viśvāmitra that royal military support is sufficient and that Rāma need not be taken.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Protective leadership and readiness to act—Daśaratha asserts personal responsibility rather than delegating danger to his son.