Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 66, Shloka 9

अयोध्यायां शोकविलापः

Lamentation in Ayodhya after Daśaratha’s death

Devanagari script

विदेहराजस्य सुता तथा सीता तपस्विनी।दुःखस्यानुचिता दुःखं वने पर्युद्विजिष्यति।।।।

Transliteration

videharājasya sutā tathā sītā tapasvinī | duḥkhasyānucitā duḥkhaṁ vane paryudvijiṣyati ||

Translation

同样，悉多——毗提诃王之女，心如苦行者，本不堪此等艰辛——也将在林中被忧苦深深震撼。

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Accusative (2nd), Singular

• anāthām: without protector
• anāthām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anātha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifying 'mām'

• vidhavām: widowed
• vidhavām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vidhavā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifying 'mām'

• na: not
• na: Niṣedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle

• adya: today, now
• adya: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: Kāla-avyaya (काल-अव्यय; adverb of time)

• jānāti: knows, recognizes
• jānāti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jñā (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (present), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular

• dhārmikaḥ: righteous
• dhārmikaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhārmika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; qualifying 'saḥ/rāmaḥ'

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; apposition to 'saḥ'

• kamalapatrākṣaḥ: lotus-petal-eyed
• kamalapatrākṣaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kamala + patra + akṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि: 'whose eyes are like lotus-petals'); Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; qualifying 'rāmaḥ'

• jīvan: living (though alive)
• jīvan: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √jīv (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; concessive sense 'though living'

• nāśam: destruction
• nāśam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular

• itaḥ: from here
• itaḥ: Apādāna (अपादान; adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: itaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Deśa-avyaya (directional adverb)

• gataḥ: has gone, has reached
• gataḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Past participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; predicate with 'rāmaḥ'

Context

In the same way Sita, daughter of the king of Videha, who does not deserve hardships will be in deep agony.

Characters & Entities

• Sītā
• Janaka (implied by Videharāja)
• Videha
• Forest (vana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes compassion for those who suffer undeservedly; the verse spotlights the moral tragedy of innocent persons bearing the weight of others’ adharma.

What is the narrative situation?

Kauśalyā imagines Sītā’s distress as she accompanies Rāma into forest exile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sītā’s tapas (austere strength) is acknowledged, while the verse stresses her gentleness and the injustice of her suffering.