Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 54, Shloka 43

भरद्वाजाश्रमप्राप्तिः

Arrival at Bharadvāja’s Hermitage and Counsel toward Citrakūṭa

Devanagari script

प्रहृष्टकोयष्टिककोकिलस्वनैर्विनादितं तं वसुधाधरं शिवम्।मृगैश्च मत्तैर्बहुभिश्च कुञ्जरैः सुरम्यमासाद्य समावसाश्रमम्।।।।

Transliteration

prahṛṣṭa-koyaṣṭika-kokila-svanair vināditaṃ taṃ vasudhādharaṃ śivam |

mṛgaiś ca mattair bahubhiś ca kuñjaraiḥ suramyam āsādya samāvasa āśramam ||

Translation

那吉祥的群山，承载大地，回响着欢悦的凤头麦鸡与杜鹃之鸣。众多鹿群与无数发情的象群出没其间，景致极其殊胜。抵达之后，当在林中结庐为庵而住。

Word by Word

• prahṛṣṭa-kōyaṣṭika-kōkila-svanaiḥ: by the sounds of cheerful lapwings and cuckoos
• prahṛṣṭa-kōyaṣṭika-kōkila-svanaiḥ: Karana (करणम्/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prahṛṣṭa (कृदन्त) + kōyaṣṭika (प्रातिपदिक) + kōkila (प्रातिपदिक) + svana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); svana-śabdaḥ pradhānaḥ; pūrvapadāni viśeṣaṇāni (sounds of cheerful lapwings and cuckoos)

• vināditam: echoed/resounding
• vināditam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-nad (धातु) + ta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/ta); Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with 'tam (vasudhādharam)' as described object

• tam: that
• tam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; demonstrative pronoun

• vasudhādharam: the mountain (earth-bearer)
• vasudhādharam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vasudhā (प्रातिपदिक) + dhara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa: vasudhāyāḥ dharaḥ (earth-holder = mountain)

• śivam: auspicious/benign
• śivam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śiva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; viśeṣaṇa of vasudhādharam

• mṛgaiḥ: by deer/animals
• mṛgaiḥ: Karana (करणम्/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• mattaiḥ: by intoxicated
• mattaiḥ: Karana (करणम्/Instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: matta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; viśeṣaṇa of mṛgaiḥ/kuñjaraiḥ (intoxicated)

• bahubhiḥ: by many
• bahubhiḥ: Karana (करणम्/Instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bahu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; viśeṣaṇa of kuñjaraiḥ

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• kuñjaraiḥ: by elephants
• kuñjaraiḥ: Karana (करणम्/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kuñjara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural

• suramyam: exceedingly charming
• suramyam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su- (उपसर्ग) + ramya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; viśeṣaṇa of vasudhādharam; su- = intensifier (very)

• āsādya: having reached
• āsādya: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Preceding action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-sad (धातु) + ya (ल्यप्/gerund)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्); indeclinable verbal form; expresses prior action 'having reached'

• samāvasa: dwell/stay
• samāvasa: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-vas (धातु)
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 2nd person, Singular; Parasmaipada; command/instruction

• āśramam: in the hermitage
• āśramam: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative sense as goal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āśrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; destination/object of dwelling

Context

Here are logs of wood cut into pieces by forest-dwellers, living on forest products. You can see various trees near the hermitage of sage Bharadwaja.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Citrakūṭa (implied)
• Koyaṣṭika (lapwings)
• Kokila (cuckoos)
• Mṛga (deer)
• Kuñjara (elephants)
• Āśrama (hermitage)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is the choice of a life conducive to restraint and spiritual practice: settling in an āśrama in an auspicious place supports truthful living (satya), self-control, and non-attachment during exile.

What is the narrative situation?

The sage completes his description of Citrakūṭa’s beauty and explicitly instructs Rama to reach it and reside in a hermitage.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Commitment to disciplined living—Rama is guided toward an environment where royal power is set aside and dharmic simplicity is practiced.