Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 52, Shloka 80

गङ्गातरणम्, सुमन्त्र-प्रतिनिवर्तनम्, जटाधारणम्

Crossing the Gaṅgā; Sumantra’s Return; Adoption of Ascetic Signs

Devanagari script

अनुज्ञाय सुमन्त्रं च सबलं चैव तं गुहम्।आस्थाय नावं रामस्तु चोदयामास नाविकान्।।2.52.80।।

Transliteration

anujñāya sumantraṃ ca sabalaṃ caiva taṃ guham | āsthāya nāvaṃ rāmas tu codayāmāsa nāvikān || 2.52.80 ||

Translation

罗摩准许苏曼特罗以及古诃和其随从告退后，登上船只，催促船夫前行。

Word by Word

• anujñāya: having permitted
• anujñāya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu-√jñā (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), from causative/permission sense; indeclinable verbal form; 'having permitted/allowed'

• sumantram: Sumantra
• sumantram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sumantra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• sabalam: with his forces/retinue
• sabalam: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa-bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) 'with strength/with troops'; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) or used adverbially/collectively; Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying the implied 'retinue/force' accompanying

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निश्चय/अवधारण)

• tam: that
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• guham: Guha
• guham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• āsthāya: having boarded
• āsthāya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√sthā (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), 'having mounted/embarked/entered'; from āsthā (आस्था)

• nāvam: the boat
• nāvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nau (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Kartā (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• tu: but/as for
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (विरोध/विशेषार्थक)

• codayāmāsa: urged/ordered
• codayāmāsa: Kartā (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √cud (धातु)
• Form: Causative (णिच्) + Perfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद); 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• nāvikān: boatmen
• nāvikān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāvika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

Context

Having permitted Sumantra and Guha with his army to leave, Rama seated on the boat urged the boatmen to proceed.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sumantra
• Guha
• boat

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Considerate leadership: Rāma formally releases helpers from further burden, balancing duty with compassion and propriety.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma dismisses Sumantra and Guha’s contingent and begins the river crossing by boat.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s courteous authority—he directs action while honoring relationships and obligations.