Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 52, Shloka 73

गङ्गातरणम्, सुमन्त्र-प्रतिनिवर्तनम्, जटाधारणम्

Crossing the Gaṅgā; Sumantra’s Return; Adoption of Ascetic Signs

Devanagari script

ततस्तं समनुज्ञाय गुहमिक्ष्वाकुनन्दनः।जगाम तूर्णमव्यग्रः सभार्यः सह लक्ष्मणः।।2.52.73।।

Transliteration

tatas taṃ samanujñāya guham ikṣvākunandanaḥ | jagāma tūrṇam avyagraḥ sabhāryaḥ saha lakṣmaṇaḥ || 2.52.73 ||

Translation

于是伊克什瓦库族之欢悦者向古诃礼貌辞别，随即从容不乱而疾行离去，携同其妻并与罗什曼那同行。

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अनन्तरवाचक

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• समनुज्ञाय: having taken leave (after permitting)
• समनुज्ञाय: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/Preceding action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-अनु-ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable): ‘having permitted/taken leave’

• गुहम्: Guha
• गुहम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• इक्ष्वाकु-नन्दनः: Rama, delight of the Ikshvakus
• इक्ष्वाकु-नन्दनः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इक्ष्वाकु (प्रातिपदिक) + नन्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: इक्ष्वाकूणां नन्दनः (delight/descendant of Ikṣvāku line), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• जगाम: went
• जगाम: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• तूर्णम्: swiftly
• तूर्णम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तूर्णम् (अव्यय)
• Form: रीत्यर्थ-अव्यय (adverb of manner)

• अव्यग्रः: unperturbed
• अव्यग्रः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-व्यग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; नञ्-समास: ‘unagitated, calm’

• स-भार्यः: with (his) wife
• स-भार्यः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (अव्यय/उपपद) + भार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उपपद-तत्पुरुष: भार्यया सह (with wife), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• सह: with
• सह: Sahakari (सहकारी/Accompaniment)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: सह-योगे अव्यय

• लक्ष्मणः: Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणः: Sahakari (सहकारी/Companion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सह इत्यस्य सहचारी

Context

Rama, Delight of the Iksvakus, then permitted Guha to take leave. And departed quickly with his consort and Lakshmana in peace.

Characters & Entities

• Rama (Ikṣvākunandana)
• Guha
• Sita
• Lakshmana

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes propriety in relationships: Rāma departs only after due leave-taking, maintaining respectful social order even in exile.

What is the narrative situation?

After advising Guha, Rāma proceeds onward with Sītā and Lakṣmaṇa toward crossing the river.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Equanimity (avyagratā)—Rāma remains composed and purposeful despite the hardships of banishment.