Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 49, Shloka 11

एकोनपञ्चाशः सर्गः (Sarga 49): Rāma’s Night Journey Beyond Kosala and the Charioteer Address

Devanagari script

गत्वा तु सुचिरं कालं ततः शीतजलां नदीम्।गोमतीं गोयुतानूपामतरत्सागरङ्गमाम्।।।।

Transliteration

gatvā tu suciraṁ kālaṁ tataḥ śītajalāṁ nadīm | gomatiṁ goyutānūpām atarat sāgaraṅgamām ||

Translation

行旅良久之后，他在那通向大海的水道处，渡过清凉之水的戈摩提河；其沼泽水滨，牛群繁盛。

Word by Word

• गत्वा: having travelled
• गत्वा: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव कृदन्त (gerund); ‘गत्वा’ = having gone/travelled

• तु: then/indeed
• तु: Discourse particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधान/विरोधार्थक-निपात (particle: but/indeed)

• सुचिरम्: very long
• सुचिरम्: Karma-anvaya (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुचिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन; विशेषण (adjective) कालम्

• कालम्: time/period
• कालम्: Kalam (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन; कालपरिमाण (extent of time)

• ततः: then
• ततः: Sequence marker (क्रम)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनन्तरार्थक (thereafter)

• शीतजलाम्: cool-watered
• शीतजलाम्: Karma-anvaya (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शीत + जल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन; विशेषण (adjective) नदीम्; कर्मधारयः: शीतं जलं यस्याः सा (cool-watered)

• नदीम्: river
• नदीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन

• गोमतीम्: Gomatī
• गोमतीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोमती (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन; नदी-नाम (proper name)

• गोयुतानूपाम्: with cow-filled marshes
• गोयुतानूपाम्: Karma-anvaya (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गो + युत + अनूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन; विशेषण नदीम्/गोमतीम्; तत्पुरुषः: गोभिः युतानि अनूपानि यस्याः (having marshes frequented by cows)

• अतरत्: crossed
• अतरत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तॄ (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन

• सागरङ्गमाम्: sea-going (flowing into the sea)
• सागरङ्गमाम्: Karma-anvaya (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सागर + गम् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन; विशेषण नदीम्/गोमतीम्; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः: सागरं गच्छति या (flowing to the sea)

Context

Rama showed Sita vast tracts of land encircled by kingdoms which were formerly bestowed upon Ikshvaku by emperor Manu.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Gomatī (river)
• sea (sāgara)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is perseverance with order: Rama continues his rightful course without abandoning discipline, moving steadily through the land despite exile-like hardship.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama proceeds on the road and crosses the river Gomati near the point where it flows toward the sea.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Endurance and steadiness—he keeps moving forward, unbroken by fatigue or uncertainty.