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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 45, Shloka 33

अयोध्यावासिजनानुरागः

The People and Brahmins Follow Rama toward Exile

Devanagari script

ततः सुमन्त्रोऽपि रथाद्विमुच्यश्रान्तान्हयान्सम्परिवर्त्य शीघ्रम्।पीतोदकांस्तोयपरिप्लुताङ्गानचारयद्वै तमसाविदूरे।।।।

Transliteration

tataḥ sumantro 'pi rathād vimucya śrāntān hayān samparivartya śīghram |

pītodakāṃs toya-pariplutāṅgān acārayad vai tamasāvidūre ||

Translation

随后，苏曼特罗也从车上解下疲惫的马匹，迅速让它们翻滚歇息；又给它们饮水，并以清水洗濯其身，便放它们在离塔玛萨河不远处牧食。

Word by Word
tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; kāla-avyaya (temporal adverb)
sumantraḥSumantra
sumantraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsumantra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana (Singular)
apialso
api:
Sambandha-bodhaka (particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; nipāta (particle) 'also'
rathātfrom the chariot
rathāt:
Apādāna (अपादान/Ablative source)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine), Pañcamī (Ablative/5th), Ekavacana (Singular)
vimucyahaving unyoked
vimucya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi√muc (धातु)
FormKtvānta (absolutive/gerund) indeclinable; 'having released/unharnessed'
śrāntāntired
śrāntān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of hayān
TypeAdjective
Rootśrānta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine), Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Bahuvacana (Plural)
hayānhorses
hayān:
Karma (कर्म/Object) (of actions: samparivartya, acārayat)
TypeNoun
Roothaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine), Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Bahuvacana (Plural)
samparivartyahaving made them roll/turn about
samparivartya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsampari√vṛt (धातु)
FormKtvānta (absolutive/gerund) indeclinable; 'having made (them) roll/turn about, having let them relax'
śīghramquickly
śīghram:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootśīghra (प्रातिपदिक used adverbially)
FormKriyā-viśeṣaṇa (adverbial accusative)
pīta-udakānhaving drunk water
pīta-udakān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of hayān
TypeAdjective
Rootpīta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) + udaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine), Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Bahuvacana (Plural); samāsa: pītam udakam yeṣām (having drunk water / made to drink water)
toya-paripluta-aṅgānwith limbs drenched in water
toya-paripluta-aṅgān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of hayān
TypeAdjective
Roottoya (प्रातिपदिक) + paripluta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) + aṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine), Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Bahuvacana (Plural); samāsa: toyena pariplutāni aṅgāni yeṣām (whose limbs were drenched with water)
acārayatmade (them) graze
acārayat:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√car (धातु) (causative: cārayati)
FormLaṅ lakāra (Imperfect/Past), Prathama puruṣa (3rd person), Ekavacana (Singular), Parasmaipada; causative sense 'made (them) graze/move about'
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha-bodhaka (particle/emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; nipāta (emphatic particle)
tamasānear the Tamasā (river)
tamasā:
Sahacāra (सहचार/association)
TypeNoun
Roottamasā (प्रातिपदिक: tamasā-nadī)
FormStrīliṅga (Feminine), Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/3rd) used in sense of proximity/association (sāhacarya)
avidūrenot far away
avidūre:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootavidūra (प्रातिपदik)
FormSaptamī-ekavacana used adverbially (locative of place): 'not far (away)'
Context

Endowed with kingly qualities, he is recognised as heir-apparent. Therefore, as I did, all of you should obey the order of the king.

Characters & Entities
S
Sumantra
T
Tamasā (river)
C
Chariot
H
Horses

FAQs

Dharma is expressed as conscientious service and non-cruelty: even in crisis, Sumantra ensures the animals are rested, watered, and cared for.

During the halt near the Tamasā, Sumantra tends to the chariot horses—unyoking them, washing them, and letting them graze.

Attentive stewardship and duty of a retainer: Sumantra’s reliability is shown through practical, compassionate care.

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