Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 24, Shloka 32

कौशल्यारामसंवादः

Kausalya–Rama Dialogue on Exile-Dharma

Devanagari script

गमने सुकृतां बुद्धिं न ते शक्नोमि पुत्रक।विनिवर्तयितुं वीर नूनं कालो दुरत्ययः।।2.24.32।।

Transliteration

gamane sukṛtāṃ buddhiṃ na te śaknomi putraka |

vinivartayituṃ vīra nūnaṃ kālo duratyayaḥ || 2.24.32 ||

Translation

孩子啊，我无法使你那决意启程的心意回转，勇者啊。时运之命实难违越。

Word by Word

• gamane: in (this) going; in the departure
• gamane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gamana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka-liṅga (neuter/नपुंसक), Saptamī (locative/सप्तमी), Eka-vacana (singular/एकवचन)

• sukṛtām: well-made; firmly formed
• sukṛtām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sukṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (feminine/स्त्री), Dvitīyā (accusative/द्वितीया), Eka-vacana (singular/एकवचन); viśeṣaṇa of buddhiṃ

• buddhim: resolve; intention
• buddhim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: buddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (feminine/स्त्री), Dvitīyā (accusative/द्वितीया), Eka-vacana (singular/एकवचन)

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-निपात)

• te: your
• te: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī-vibhakti (genitive/षष्ठी), Eka-vacana (singular/एकवचन)

• śaknomi: I am able
• śaknomi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śak (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (Present/लट्), Uttama-puruṣa (1st person/उत्तम), Eka-vacana (singular/एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• putraka: O dear son
• putraka: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putraka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुं), Sambodhana (vocative/सम्बोधन), Eka-vacana (singular/एकवचन)

• vinivartayitum: to turn back; to dissuade
• vinivartayitum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-ni-√vṛt (धातु)
• Form: Tumun (infinitive/तुमुन्), avyaya-kṛdanta (indeclinable verbal/अव्ययकृदन्त)

• vīra: O hero
• vīra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुं), Sambodhana (vocative/सम्बोधन), Eka-vacana (singular/एकवचन)

• nūnam: certainly
• nūnam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nūnam (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/adverb (निश्चयार्थक-अव्यय)

• kālaḥ: time; fate
• kālaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुं), Prathamā (nominative/प्रथमा), Eka-vacana (singular/एकवचन)

• duratyayaḥ: hard to overcome
• duratyayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duratyaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुं), Prathamā (nominative/प्रथमा), Eka-vacana (singular/एकवचन); predicate adjective of kālaḥ

Context

I am unable to dissuade you, O my brave son, from your firm resolve to go to the forest. It is surely difficult (for me) to bide time.

Characters & Entities

• Kauśalyā
• Rāma
• kāla (Time/Fate)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Acceptance of truth (satya) about impermanence: even when one cannot change events, one speaks honestly and meets dharma with endurance.

What is the narrative situation?

Kauśalyā concedes she cannot dissuade Rāma from exile and attributes the inevitability to kāla (time/fate).

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Truthful resignation and emotional fortitude—she acknowledges reality while still grieving.