Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 16, Shloka 32

सुमन्त्रदर्शनम् तथा रामस्य राजदर्शनाय प्रस्थानम्

Sumantra Meets Rama; Rama Departs to See the King

Devanagari script

छत्रचामरपाणिस्तु लक्ष्मणो राघवानुजः।।।।जुगोप भ्रातरं भ्राता रथमास्थाय पृष्ठतः।

Transliteration

chatracāmarapāṇis tu lakṣmaṇo rāghavānujaḥ |

jugopa bhrātaraṃ bhrātā ratham āsthāya pṛṣṭhataḥ ||

Translation

罗摩的幼弟罗什曼那手执华盖与牦尾拂尘，登上战车后方，作为真正的兄弟，守护着兄长罗摩。

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then, thereafter
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: Kāla-avyaya (temporal adverb)

• halahalā-śabdaḥ: a 'halahalā' roar
• halahalā-śabdaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: halahalā (प्रातिपदिक/ध्वन्यनुकरण) + śabda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; karmadhāraya = halahalā iti śabdaḥ; subject of samajāyata

• tumulaḥ: tumultuous
• tumulaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tumula (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; adjective qualifying śabdaḥ

• samajāyata: arose
• samajāyata: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jan (धातु) + sam
• Form: Laṅ (लङ्) past; 3rd person, Ekavacana; ātmanepada; 'arose/was produced'

• tasya: of him/that
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃ/Napumsaka, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th/षष्ठी), Ekavacana; genitive 'of him/of that' (of Rāma / of the departing one)

• niṣkramamāṇasya: of (him) departing
• niṣkramamāṇasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nis + √kram (धातु)
• Form: Present middle participle (शानच्), Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana; qualifying tasya; 'while departing'

• jana-oghasya: of the multitude of people
• jana-oghasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jana (प्रातिपदिक) + ogha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa = janānām oghaḥ; dependent genitive with implied 'among/around'

• samantataḥ: on all sides
• samantataḥ: Deśa (देश)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: samantatas (अव्यय)
• Form: Deśa-avyaya (adverb of place)

Context

The magnificent chariot, rumbling like a stormcloud in the sky, emerged from (Rama's) residence like the Moon peeping through a huge cloud.

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Rāma (Rāghava)
• parasol (chatra)
• chariot (ratha)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Fraternal dharma and sevā (service): Lakṣmaṇa’s duty is protective loyalty—supporting righteous leadership through personal vigilance and humble attendance.

What is the narrative situation?

As Rāma proceeds in the chariot, Lakṣmaṇa rides behind, bearing royal insignia (parasol and fan) and acting as guard.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Lakṣmaṇa’s unwavering devotion (bhakti-like loyalty) and readiness to protect—service without self-assertion.